High-surface area thermal protection modules for cargo containers and cargo containers including the same
A thermal protection module includes a plurality of heat transfer elements and a medium. Each heat transfer element defines an element cavity. Each heat transfer element defines a gap with an adjacent heat transfer element. The medium is disposed within each element cavity such that the medium extends within each heat transfer element on either side of each gap. The thermal protection module has a heat flux per unit of mass in a range of 4 Watts per kilogram to 10 Watts per kilogram in free convection with a 4 degree Kelvin temperature differential.
1 . A thermal protection module configured to operate in a low delta temperature environment, the thermal protection module comprising:
a first heat transfer body having a first shell, the first shell having a constant profile along an entire length of the first shell, the first shell defining a first cavity that is filled with a first medium, the first medium being a phase change material configured to transition between a first phase and a second phase within the first heat transfer body;
a second heat transfer body having a second shell, the second shell having a constant profile along an entire length of the second shell, the second shell defining a second cavity that is filled with a second medium, the second medium being a phase change material configured to transition between the first phase and the second phase within the second heat transfer body;
a first bracket receiving a first end portion of the first heat transfer body and a first end portion of the second heat transfer body; and
a second bracket spaced apart from the first bracket and receiving a second end portion of the first heat transfer body and a second end portion of the second heat transfer body such that a gap is defined between the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body.
2 . The thermal protection module according to claim 1 , wherein the first cavity of the first heat transfer body is sealed separate from the second cavity of the second heat transfer body.
3 . The thermal protection module according to claim 2 , further comprising an endcap disposed over the first end portions of the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body, the endcap configured to protect the first end portions.
4 . The thermal protection module according to claim 3 , wherein the endcap is colored to provide visual indicia of a transition temperature of the medium disposed in the first and second heat transfer bodies.
5 . The thermal protection module according to claim 1 , wherein the first heat transfer body includes a first sidewall that extends the entire length of the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body includes a second sidewall that extends the entire length of the second heat transfer body, the gap defined between the first sidewall and the second sidewall.
6 . The thermal protection module according to claim 5 , wherein the gap has a constant dimension along the entire length of the first heat transfer body and the second heat transfer body.
7 . A cargo container comprising:
a first side wall;
a second side wall opposite the first side wall;
a back wall extending between the first side wall and the second side wall;
an opening defined between the first side wall and the second side wall opposite the back wall;
a closure configured to selectively close the opening;
a ceiling disposed above and supported by the first side wall, the second side wall, and the back wall, the first side wall, the second side wall, the back wall, and the closure defining an interior of the cargo container; and
a first thermal protection module according to claim 1 secured to the ceiling, heat transfer bodies of the first thermal protection module forming a rectangular array of bodies.