Medical electrode and arrangement thereof

1 . A medical electrode, including:

a first layer made of a first material having a first electrochemical potential window and a first charge injection limit, and

at least one second layer made of a second material having a second electrochemical potential window and a second charge injection limit,

wherein the first layer and the second layer are located on a base substrate,

wherein the second electrochemical potential window is lower than the first electrochemical potential window,

wherein the first layer is provided on top of the second layer and encapsulates the second layer, so that no electrical current directly flows from the second layer toward a target tissue,

wherein the first layer is made of nanoporous reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO), and

wherein an electrically conductive and water permeable additional layer is interposed between the first layer and the second layer.

2 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 ,

wherein

an electrically insulating layer made of an electrically insulating material, an electrically insulating polymer material, is provided to cover the second layer while leaving the first layer exposed.

3 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 ,

wherein

the second layer is made of metal.

4 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 ,

wherein

the first layer is made of nanoporous reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO).

5 . The medical electrode according to claim 4 ,

wherein

an electrically conductive and water permeable additional layer is interposed between the first layer and the second layer.

6 . The medical electrode according to claim 5 ,

wherein

the electrically conductive and water permeable additional layer is made of graphene.

7 . The medical electrode according to claim 6 ,

wherein

the electrically conductive and water permeable additional layer includes a single layer of graphene or multiple layers of graphene.

8 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 ,

wherein

said medical electrode is implantable.

9 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 ,

wherein

said medical electrode is non-implantable.

10 . A medical electrode arrangement, including:

a plurality of medical electrodes according to claim 1 , and

a connecting track made of an electrically conductive material for electrically connecting said plurality of medical electrodes.

11 . The medical electrode arrangement according to claim 10 ,

wherein

the connecting track is encapsulated in an electrically insulating material.

12 . The medical electrode arrangement according to claim 11 ,

wherein

said insulating material includes:

a dielectric film;

a ceramic layer;

a polymer layer, especially a parylene layer or a polyimide layer or a silicone layer or the like, or

a combination thereof.

13 . The medical electrode arrangement according to claim 10 ,

wherein

the connecting track is made of metal.

14 . A medical electrode arrangement including:

a plurality of medical electrodes according to claim 1 , and

a connecting track made of an electrically conductive material for electrically connecting said plurality of medical electrodes, to electronic devices

wherein at least one interconnection layer made of an electrically insulating material is sandwiched between the insulating separation layer and the base substrate, said interconnection layer covering the connecting track, and

wherein at least one via is formed between the second layer and the interconnection track, for connecting the electrode to the connecting track.

15 . A medical electrode arrangement according to claim 14 ,

wherein

the connecting track is made of metal.

16 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive and water permeable additional layer is made of CVD graphene.

17 . The medical electrode according to claim 1 , wherein a connecting track made of metal extends through an electrically insulating layer and contacts the second layer of the medical electrode, wherein the second layer is a metal layer.