Glass composition for glass substrates containing optical waveguides
Disclosed herein are embodiments of a glass composition including SiO 2 in an amount in a range from 53 mol % to 84 mol %, Al 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0.3 mol % to 20 mol %, Na 2 O in an amount in a range from 3 mol % to 16 mol %, and at least one of Cs 2 O or Rb 2 O in an amount in a range from 0.05 mol % to 8 mol %. The glass composition has a first silver ion diffusivity at 110° C. of 5×10 −19 m 2 /s or less, and the glass composition has a second silver ion diffusivity at 350° C. of at least 5×10 −17 m 2 /s at 350° C. The glass composition is particularly suitable for use as a glass substrate of a photonic chip package.
1 . A glass article, comprising:
a glass substrate comprising glass having a composition, in terms of mol % on a representative oxide basis, comprising:
SiO 2 in an amount in a range from 61 mol % to 84 mol %;
B 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 15 mol %;
Li 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 4 mol %;
SrO in an amount in a range from 0.25 mol % to 10 mol %; and
at least one of Cs 2 O or Rb 2 O in an amount in a range from 0.05 mol % to 8 mol %;
a first major surface of the glass substrate;
a second major surface of the glass substrate opposite to the first major surface;
a waveguide comprising silver disposed in the glass substate between the first major surface and the second major surface, and closer to the first major surface than the second major surface.
2 . The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the composition comprises no more than 12 mol % Al 2 O 3 .
3 . The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at most 5×10 −19 m 2 /s at a temperature of 110° C.
4 . The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at least 5×10 −17 m 2 /s at 350° C.
5 . The glass article of claim 1 , further comprising a depth of layer of from at least 4 micrometers to less than 80 micrometers for the silver.
6 . The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide has a width from at least 1 micrometer to no more than 50 micrometers.
7 . The glass article of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide has a refractive index profile comprising a first refractive index (n s ) at the first major surface, a bulk refractive index (n 0 ) of the glass, and a maximum refractive index (n 1 ) within the waveguide such that n 0 <n 1 and such that n 0 ≤n s , and (n s −n 0 )≥0.015.
8 . The glass article of claim 7 , wherein (n s −n 0 )≥0.02, and the waveguide has a propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm or less at 1310 nm.
9 . A glass article, comprising:
a glass substrate comprising glass having a composition, in terms of mol % on a representative oxide basis, comprising:
SiO 2 in an amount in a range from 53 mol % to 84 mol %;
B 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 12.8 mol %;
Li 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 4 mol %;
K 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 6 mol %;
Rb 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 5 mol %; and
alkaline earth metal oxides of the group consisting of MgO, CaO, and SrO, wherein a sum of the alkaline earth metal oxides of the group is in a range from 1 mol % to 16 mol %;
a first major surface of the glass substrate;
a second major surface of the glass substrate opposite to the first major surface;
a waveguide disposed in the glass substate between the first major surface and the second major surface, and closer to the first major surface than the second major surface;
wherein the waveguide has a refractive index profile comprising a first refractive index (n s ) at the first major surface, a bulk refractive index (n 0 ) of the glass, and a maximum refractive index (n 1 ) within the waveguide such that n 0 <n 1 and such that n 0 ≤n s .
10 . The glass article of claim 9 , wherein the glass further comprises B 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 12 mol %.
11 . The glass article of claim 9 , wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at most 5×10 −19 m 2 /s at a temperature of 110° C.
12 . The glass article of claim 9 , wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at least 5×10 −17 m 2 /s at 350° C.
13 . The glass article of claim 10 , wherein the glass comprises no more than 0.5 mol % in total of trace metal oxides of the group consisting of oxides of iron, chromium, nickel, copper, and arsenic.
14 . The glass article of claim 10 , wherein the first refractive index of the waveguide is a maximum refractive index within the waveguide such that n 0 <n s , and (n s −n 0 )≥0.015.
15 . The glass article of claim 14 , wherein (n s −n 0 )≥0.02.
16 . The glass article of claim 10 , wherein the waveguide has a propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm or less at 1310 nm.
17 . A glass article, comprising:
a glass substrate comprising glass having a composition, in terms of mol % on a representative oxide basis, comprising:
SiO 2 in an amount in a range from 61 mol % to 82 mol %;
B 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 15 mol %;
Li 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 4 mol %;
K 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 8 mol %; and
Rb 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 5 mol %;
a first major surface of the glass substrate;
a second major surface of the glass substrate opposite to the first major surface;
a waveguide comprising silver disposed in the glass substate between the first major surface and the second major surface,
wherein the waveguide has a refractive index profile comprising a first refractive index (n s ) at the first major surface, a bulk refractive index (n 0 ) of the glass, and a maximum refractive index (n 1 ) within the waveguide such that n 0 <n 1 and such that n 0 ≤n s ,
wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at most 5×10 −19 m 2 /s at a temperature of 110° C., and the glass substrate has a second silver ion diffusivity of at least 5×10 −17 m 2 /s at 350° C., and
wherein the first refractive index of the waveguide is a maximum refractive index within the waveguide such that n 0 <n s and (n s −n 0 )≥0.02.
18 . The glass article of claim 17 , wherein the waveguide has a propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm or less at 1310 nm.
19 . The glass article of claim 17 , wherein the waveguide comprises a depth of layer in a range of 4 μm to 15 μm below the first major surface.
20 . The glass article of claim 17 , wherein the waveguide comprises a width in a range from 10 μm to 50 μm.
21 . A glass article, comprising:
a glass substrate comprising silicate glass having a composition, in terms of mol % on a representative oxide basis, comprising:
SiO 2 in an amount in a range from 61 mol % to 82 mol %;
B 2 O 3 in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 15 mol %;
Na 2 O in an amount in a range of 3 mol % to 16 mol %;
K 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 8 mol %; and
Rb 2 O in an amount in a range from 0 mol % to 5 mol %;
a first major surface of the glass substrate;
a second major surface of the glass substrate opposite to the first major surface;
a waveguide comprising silver disposed in the glass substate between the first major surface and the second major surface,
wherein the waveguide has a refractive index profile comprising a first refractive index (n s ) at the first major surface, a bulk refractive index (n 0 ) of the glass, and a maximum refractive index (n 1 ) within the waveguide such that n 0 <n 1 and such that n 0 ≤n s ,
wherein the glass substrate has a silver ion diffusivity of at most 5×10 −19 m 2 /s at a temperature of 110° C., and the glass substrate has a second silver ion diffusivity of at least 5×10 −17 m 2 /s at 350° C., and
wherein the first refractive index of the waveguide is a maximum refractive index within the waveguide such that n 0 <n s and (n s −n 0 )≥0.02.
22 . The glass article of claim 21 , wherein the waveguide has a propagation loss of 0.1 dB/cm or less at 1310 nm.
23 . The glass article of claim 21 , wherein the waveguide comprises a depth of layer in a range of 4 μm to 15 μm below the first major surface.
24 . The glass article of claim 21 , wherein the waveguide comprises a width in a range from 10 μm to 50 μm.