Enhancing the effectiveness of blended refuge
The present invention provides a seed blend comprising pesticidal seed and refuge seed, wherein plants grown from the pesticidal seed type do not pollinate or have reduced pollination of plants grown from the refuge seed type when the seed blend is planted. Methods for deploying the seed blend and for reducing cross-pollination between plants grown from the pesticidal seed and refuge seed are also provided.
1 . A corn seed blend comprising:
(a) a first corn seed type comprising an insect resistance transgene and a recessive gametophyte factor allele; and
(b) a second corn seed type comprising a dominant gametophyte factor allele lacking the insect resistance transgene, wherein the dominant gametophyte factor allele reduces pollination by pollen carrying the recessive gametophyte factor allele.
2 . The corn seed blend of claim 1 , wherein plants grown from the second corn seed type are substantially unpollinated by plants grown from the insect resistant first corn seed type, wherein “substantially unpollinated” refers to a seed assemblage produced by a refuge crop that exhibits less than 50% of its kernels or seed having the insect resistance transgene.
3 . The corn seed blend of claim 1 , wherein a corn ear produced by plants grown from the second corn seed type exhibits a reduced number of seeds comprising the insect resistance transgene when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising the first corn seed type comprising the insect resistance transgene and a recessive gametophyte factor allele and a second seed type lacking the insect resistance transgene and the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
4 . The corn seed blend of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the first corn seed type to the second corn seed type is from about 70:30 to about 99:1.
5 . The corn seed blend of claim 1 , wherein the first corn seed type comprises a transgene encoding for a Bt insecticidal polypeptide.
6 . The corn seed blend of claim 5 , wherein the Bt insecticidal polypeptide has insecticidal activity against a corn ear feeding pest.
7 . The corn seed blend of claim 6 , wherein the corn ear feeding pest is selected from Western Bean cutworm, European corn borer, Fall armyworm, and Corn earworm.
8 . The corn seed blend of claim 1 , wherein the first corn seed type further comprises a transgene encoding for an RNAi or dsRNA molecule having insecticidal activity.
9 . The corn seed blend of claim 5 , wherein in the first corn seed type the insect resistance transgene encodes a pesticidal product selected from the group consisting of VIP3A, VIP3Aa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Cry1F, Cry1A, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry34/35, Cry34/35Ab1, Cry34Ab1, Cry35Ab1, Cry3A, mCry3A, eCry3.1Ab, Cry3Bb, Dv49 dsRNA, and Dv_Snf7o.
10 . The corn seed blend of any one of claims 1-9 , wherein the gametophyte factor allele is selected from the group consisting of Ga1-s, Ga2-s, and Tcb1-s.
11 . A method of reducing the incidence of pollination between plants grown from different seed types in a corn seed blend, the method comprising providing a corn seed blend comprising (i) a first corn seed type comprising an insect resistance transgene and (ii) a second corn seed type comprising a dominant gametophyte factor allele and lacking the insect resistance transgene, wherein the dominant gametophyte factor allele reduces pollination by pollen containing the recessive allele of that gametophyte factor when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising seed types lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein plants grown from the second corn seed type are substantially unpollinated by plants grown from the first corn seed type, wherein “substantially unpollinated” refers to a seed assemblage produced by a refuge crop that exhibits less than 50% of its kernels or seed having the insect resistance transgene.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a corn ear produced by plants grown from the second corn seed type exhibits a reduced number of seeds comprising the insect resistance transgene when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising seed types that are cross pollination compatible.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the ratio of the first corn seed type to the second corn seed type in the corn seed blend is from about 70:30 to about 99:1.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the insect resistance transgene encodes a Bt insecticidal polypeptide.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the insect resistance transgene encodes a polypeptide having insecticidal activity against a corn ear feeding pest.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the corn ear feeding pest is selected from Western Bean cutworm, European corn borer, Fall armyworm, and Corn earworm.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the pesticidal agent is active against Helicoverpa zea , and wherein the reduction in pollination occurs at the tip portion of the corn ears.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the insect resistance transgene encodes for an RNAi or dsRNA molecule having insecticidal activity.
20 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the method further comprises treating the first or the second corn seed type with a formulation to delay or to accelerate the time to reproductive maturation of plants grown from the treated seed.
21 . An insect resistance management method for planting a refuge crop with or alongside of a transgenic insect resistant crop, wherein the method comprises providing a corn seed blend comprising (i) a first corn seed type comprising an insect resistance transgene and a recessive gametophyte factor allele and (ii) a second corn seed type comprising a dominant gametophyte factor allele and that lacks the insect resistance transgene, wherein pollination by pollen carrying the recessive allele of that gametophyte factor is reduced compared to a control corn seed blend comprising the first corn seed type comprising the insect resistance transgene and a recessive gametophyte factor allele and a second seed type comprising the same recessive gametophyte factor allele and lacking the insect resistance transgene.
22 . The insect resistance management method of claim 21 , wherein pollination by recessive gametophyte factor pollen is reduced at least two-fold compared to a corn seed blend comprising a refuge seed lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
23 . The insect resistance management method of claim 22 , wherein a corn ear produced by plants grown from the second corn seed type exhibits a reduced number of seeds comprising the insect resistance transgene when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising seed types that are cross-pollination compatible.
24 . A insect resistance management method for planting a refuge crop with or alongside of a transgenic insect resistant crop, wherein the method comprises providing (i) a first corn seed type comprising an insect resistance transgene and (ii) a second corn seed type comprising a dominant gametophyte factor allele that lacks the insect resistance transgene, wherein pollination by recessive gametophyte factor pollen is reduced compared to a corn seed blend comprising a refuge seed lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele, and wherein the second corn seed type is planted as strips or blocks in an insect resistant corn crop field, or as an adjacent field.
25 . The insect resistance management method of claim 24 , wherein pollination by recessive gametophyte factor pollen is reduced at least two-fold compared to a corn seed blend comprising a refuge seed lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
26 . The insect resistance management method of claim 25 , wherein a corn ear produced by plants grown from the second corn seed type exhibits a reduced number of seeds comprising the insect resistance transgene when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising seed types that are cross-pollination compatible.
27 . A insect resistance management method for ensuring compliance with government regulations for planting a refuge crop with or alongside of a transgenic crop, wherein the method comprises providing a corn seed blend comprising (i) a first corn seed type comprising an insect resistance transgene and (ii) a second corn seed type comprising a dominant gametophyte factor allele and that lacks the insect resistance transgene wherein pollination by recessive gametophyte factor pollen is reduced compared to a corn seed blend comprising a refuge seed lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
28 . The method of claim 27 , wherein pollination by recessive gametophyte factor pollen is reduced at least two-fold compared to a corn seed blend comprising a refuge seed lacking the dominant gametophyte factor allele.
29 . The method of claim 28 , wherein a corn ear produced by plants grown from the second corn seed type exhibits a reduced number of seeds comprising the insect resistance transgene when compared to a control corn seed blend comprising seed types that are cross-pollination compatible.