Systems and methods for generating synthesis gas for ammonia production
This invention relates to system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas, comprising: one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) configured to separate nitrogen from air; and one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) configured to produce hydrogen by solid oxide electrolysis of steam in thermoneutral or endothermal mode. By configuring the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) so that heat emanating from the one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) is transferred to the one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s), nitrogen production may be integrated while enabling high current density, the use of large SOEC stacks and improved reactant conversion. In addition, ammonia production plants comprising the above system as well as related methods are described.
1 . A system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas, comprising:
one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) configured to electrolytically separate nitrogen from air; and
one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) configured to produce hydrogen by solid oxide electrolysis of steam in thermoneutral or endothermal mode;
wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) are provided separately and configured so that heat emanating from the one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) is transferred to the one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s).
2 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) form a stack in which one or two electrically driven air separation unit(s), are positioned between two groups of solid oxide electrolysis cells.
3 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 2 , wherein each group of solid oxide electrolysis cells comprises from 1 to 10 solid oxide electrolysis cells operated in series.
4 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 3 , wherein each group of solid oxide electrolysis cells comprises fewer than 3 solid oxide electrolysis cells operated in series.
5 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 1 , wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) are provided in a single pressurized vessel configured to being operated at temperature of between 350° C. to 1000° C.
6 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one power electronic unit, wherein the power electronic unit(s) is (are) configured to provide(s) periodical cell voltage variations to the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and/or the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) with a frequency in the range of from 10 mHz to 100 KHz.
7 . The system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 1 , further comprising a heat distribution device configured to distribute the heat emanating from the one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) among the one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s).
8 . An ammonia production plant, comprising the system for the production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 1 , and an ammonia synthesis reactor configured to produce ammonia by reacting the hydrogen with the nitrogen.
9 . A process for production of ammonia synthesis gas by electrolysis, said process comprising the steps of:
(a) producing nitrogen electrolytically from air in one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s), and
(b) producing hydrogen by solid oxide electrolysis of steam in one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) operating in thermoneutral or endothermal mode;
wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) are provided separately and configured so that heat emanating from the one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) is transferred to the one or more solid oxide electrolysis cell(s).
10 . The process for production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 9 , wherein in the electrically driven air separation unit(s), nitrogen is produced by separating oxygen from air using an oxygen ion-conductive solid electrolyte ceramic membrane.
11 . The process for production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 9 , wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) is operated at a temperature of between 350° C. to 1000° C.
12 . The process for production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 11 , wherein the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) are operated at a temperature of between 350° C. to 1000° C.
13 . The process for production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 9 , wherein the cell voltage applied to the electrically driven air separation unit(s) and/or the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) is periodically varied with a frequency in the range of from 10 mHz to 100 KHz such that near-thermoneutral operation at part load is enabled by matching
the integral Joule heat production with the integral reaction heat consumption inside said unit(s) and/or cell(s).
14 . The process for production of ammonia synthesis gas according to claim 13 , wherein the periodical cell voltage variation applied to the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) has an amplitude of from between 0.2 V and 2.0 V.
15 . The process for synthesizing ammonia according to claim 9 , the process further comprising:
(c) directing the gas stream comprising nitrogen produced in step a) and the gas stream comprising hydrogen produced in step b) to an ammonia synthesis reactor; and
(d) generating ammonia in said ammonia synthesis reactor by reacting the hydrogen with the nitrogen.
16 . The system of claim 2 wherein the stack comprises one electrically driven air separation unit positioned between two groups of solid oxide electrolysis cells.
17 . The system of claim 3 wherein each group of solid oxide electrolysis cells comprises from 1 to 3 solid oxide electrolysis cells.
18 . The system of claim 4 wherein each group of solid oxide electrolysis cells are in combination with one or more additional solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) configured to produce hydrogen, to which heat emanating from the one or more electrically driven air separation unit(s) is not transferred.
19 . The system of claim 7 wherein the heat distribution device is a high temperature blower.
20 . The process of claim 14 wherein the periodical cell voltage variation applied to the solid oxide electrolysis cell(s) has an amplitude of from between 0.5 V and 1.9 V.