Thermal conductivity fluid sensor

1 . A thermal conductivity fluid sensor for detecting a first component of a mixture, the thermal conductivity fluid sensor comprising:

a first heating element; and

a controller, the controller configured to:

control a temperature of the first heating element such that the temperature of the first heating element changes from a first temperature to a second temperature over a first transient time period;

obtain a first reading indicative of a first thermal transport property of the mixture during the first transient time period;

obtain a second reading indicative of second thermal transport property of the mixture when the first heating element is at the second temperature; and

determine, based on the first reading and the second reading, a concentration of the first component of the mixture.

2 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to obtain the first reading at a predetermined time during the first transient time period.

3 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:

control the temperature of the first heating element such that the temperature of the first heating element changes from the second temperature to a third temperature over a second transient time period;

obtain a third reading indicative of a third thermal transport property of the mixture during the second transient time period or when the heating element is at the third temperature; and

determine, based additionally on the third reading, the concentration of the component of the mixture.

4 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , comprising a second heating element thermally insulated from the first heating element, the second heating element being located in a sealed chamber, the sealed chamber containing a reference environment;

wherein the controller is configured to:

control a temperature of the second heating element such that the temperature of the second heating element changes from the first temperature to the second temperature over the first transient time period;

obtain a first reference reading indicative of a first thermal transport property of the reference environment during the first transient time period;

obtain a second reference reading indicative of a second thermal transport property of the reference environment when the second heating element is at the second temperature; and

determine the concentration of the component of the mixture based additionally on the first reference reading and the second reference reading.

5 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , comprising a second heating element thermally insulated from the first heating element, wherein the controller is configured to:

control a temperature of the second heating element such that the temperature of the second heating element changes from a fourth temperature to a fifth temperature over a further first transient time period, the fifth temperature being different from the second temperature; and

obtain a fourth reading indicative of a fourth thermal transport property of the mixture during the first transient time period or when the heating element is in steady state at the fifth temperature.

6 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 5 , wherein the first heating element has a first structural composition, and wherein the second heating element has a second structural composition different from the first structural composition.

7 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 4 , comprising a cap layer, the cap layer having a first cap portion disposed over the first heating element, and a second cap portion disposed over the second heating element;

wherein the first cap portion is provided with an opening such that the first heating element is in fluid communication with a measured atmosphere.

8 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 7 , wherein the second cap portion forms part of the sealed chamber.

9 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the first heating element comprises two heating element portions.

10 . The thermal conductivity fluid sensor according to claim 1 , comprising an ambient temperature sensor.

11 . A method for determining a concentration of a component of a mixture, the method comprising:

changing a temperature of a first heating element from a first temperature to a second temperature over a first transient time period;

obtaining a first reading indicative of a first thermal transport property of the mixture during the first transient time period;

obtaining a second reading indicative of a second thermal transport property of the mixture when the first heating element is at the second temperature; and

determining, based on the first reading and the second reading, a concentration of the component of the mixture.

12 . The method according to claim 11 , comprising obtaining the first reading at a predetermined time during the first transient time period.

13 . A method according to claim 11 , wherein the second temperature is higher than the first temperature.

14 . A method according to claim 11 , wherein the second temperature is lower than the first temperature.

15 . The method according to claim 11 , further comprising:

changing the temperature of the first heating element from the second temperature to a third temperature over a second transient time period;

obtaining a third reading indicative of a third thermal transport property of the mixture during the second transient time period or when the heating element is at the third temperature; and

determining, based additionally on the third reading, the concentration of the component of the mixture.

16 . The method according to claim 15 , wherein at least one of the first transient time period and the second transient time period is a cooling transient time period.

17 . A method according to claim 11 , further comprising:

changing a temperature of a second heating element from the first temperature to the second temperature over the first transient time period, the second heating element being thermally insulated from the first heating element and located in a reference atmosphere;

obtaining a first reference reading indicative of a first thermal transport property of the reference environment during the first transient time period;

obtaining a second reference reading indicative of a second thermal transport property of the reference environment when the second heating element is at the second temperature; and

determining the concentration of the component of the mixture based additionally on the first reference reading and the second reference reading.

18 . The method according to claim 11 , further comprising:

changing a temperature of a second heating element from a fourth temperature to a fifth temperature over a further first transient time period, the fifth temperature being different from the second temperature, the second heating element being thermally insulated from the first heating element; and

obtaining a fourth reading indicative of a fourth thermal transport property of the mixture during the further first transient time period or when the second heating element is at the fifth temperature.

19 . The method according to claim 18 wherein the first transient time period and the further first transient time period have a same length.

20 . The method according to claim 18 , wherein the fifth temperature is equal to the first temperature.