Systems and methods for increasing a sleepiness of individuals

1 . A system comprising:

a memory storing machine-readable instructions; and

a control system including one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to:

receive initial physiological data associated with a user, the initial physiological data being generated by a sensor;

determine, based at least in part on the initial physiological data, an initial sleepiness level for the user, wherein the initial sleepiness level is indicative of how close the user is to falling asleep;

based at least in part on the initial sleepiness level, cause an electronic device to provide the user with a first portion of an activity, in which the activity is presented by the electronic device and is performed by the user interacting with the electronic device, the first portion of the activity having a plurality of device-based parameters associated therewith pertaining to how the electronic device visually or audibly outputs the activity to the user;

receive subsequent physiological data associated with the user, the subsequent physiological data being generated by the sensor while the user is performing the first portion of the activity, after the user has performed the activity, or both;

determine, based at least in part on the subsequent physiological data, a subsequent sleepiness level for the user;

determine a first activity score based at least in part on the initial sleepiness level and the subsequent sleepiness level, the first activity score being indicative of an effectiveness of the first portion of the activity in modifying the sleepiness of the user;

based at least in part on the first activity score, modify at least one of the plurality of device-based parameters of the first portion of the activity for use in a second portion of the activity; and

cause the electronic device to provide the user with the second portion of the activity to be performed by the user interacting with the electronic device.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first activity score is determined based at least in part on a difference between the initial sleepiness level and the subsequent sleepiness level.

3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first activity score is determined based at least in part on a rate of change between the initial sleepiness level and the subsequent sleepiness level.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to determine whether the subsequent sleepiness level exceeds a predetermined threshold.

5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the control system is further configured to determine the first activity score based at least in part on a difference between an initial time associated with the initial sleepiness level and a second time associated with the subsequent sleepiness level exceeding the predetermined threshold.

6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to display the prompt on the electronic device for the user to perform a second activity based at least in part on the first activity score.

7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein (i) a complexity of the second activity is less than a complexity of the activity, (ii) a duration of the second activity is greater than a duration of the activity, (iii) or both (i) and (ii).

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the activity, a second activity, or both includes a game via the electronic device, a puzzle via the electronic device, reading via the electronic device, watching a video via the electronic device, listening to audio content via the electronic device, or any combination thereof.

9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to:

receive information indicative of a reaction of the user in response to a provided stimulus; and

determine the activity score based at least in part on the information indicative of the reaction of the user in response to the provided stimulus.

10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein the information indicative of the reaction of the user includes a reaction time, a reaction accuracy, or both.

11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor includes an EEG sensor, an acoustic sensor, a camera, a motion sensor, an infrared sensor, or any combination thereof.

12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the initial physiological data, the subsequent physiological data, or both is indicative of opening of eyes of the user, closing of the eyes of the user, blinking of the eyes of the user, pupil dilation of the eyes of the user, a body temperature of the user, head movement of the user, heart rate of the user, a heart rate variability of the user, a respiration rate of the user, or any combination thereof.

13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is further configured to receive third physiological data associated with the user for a sleep session that is subsequent to the user performing the activity.

14 . The system of claim 13 , wherein the control system is further configured to determine one or more sleep-related parameters associated with the user for the sleep session based at least in part on the third physiological data, and

confirm the first activity score based at least in part on the one or more sleep-related parameters.

15 . The system of claim 14 , wherein the one or more sleep-related parameters includes a sleep onset latency parameter.