Ideal diode bridge controller
An ideal diode bridge controller is provided that includes gate drivers to connect to transistors of a bridge rectifier in which the transistors are arranged as high-side transistors and low-side transistors. The gate drivers alternately switch the transistors to cause the bridge rectifier to convert an input voltage of either of two polarities to an output voltage of one of the two polarities. The gate drivers include low-side gate drivers for the low-side transistors, and respective ones of the low-side gate drivers include linear drive circuitry and digital drive circuitry. The linear drive circuitry drives a respective low-side transistor to switch on and off based on forward current through the respective low-side transistor. The digital drive circuitry detects a reverse current through the respective low-side transistor, and causes the respective low-side transistor to switch off in response to the reverse current.
1 . An ideal diode bridge controller comprising:
gate drivers to connect to transistors of a bridge rectifier in which the transistors are arranged as high-side transistors and low-side transistors, the gate drivers to alternately switch the high-side transistors and the low-side transistors on and off in pairs comprising one of the high-side transistors and an opposite one of the low-side transistors to cause the bridge rectifier to convert an input voltage of either of two polarities to an output voltage of one of the two polarities, the gate drivers including high-side gate drivers for the high-side transistors, and low-side gate drivers for the low-side transistors, respective ones of the low-side gate drivers including:
linear drive circuitry comprising an operational amplifier to regulate a forward voltage of a respective one of the low-side transistors to drive the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch on and off based on forward current through the respective one of the low-side transistors; and
digital drive circuitry to detect a reverse current through the respective one of the low-side transistors, and cause the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off in response to the reverse current,
wherein the linear drive circuitry includes a first voltage offset that sets a minimum voltage to which the operational amplifier regulates the forward voltage in a linear mode of the respective ones of the transistors, and the operational amplifier regulates the forward voltage for the forward current up to a corresponding current for the first voltage offset and a characteristic on-resistance of the respective one of the low-side transistors in a saturation mode.
2 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , comprising control circuitry to selectively enable and disable the gate drivers, including the control circuitry to selectively enable and disable the linear drive circuitry and the digital drive circuitry of the respective ones of the low-side gate drivers.
3 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , comprising control circuitry to alternately enable and disable the gate drivers in pairs corresponding to the pairs in which the transistors are alternately switched on and off.
4 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , comprising control circuitry to receive a signal from the digital drive circuitry that indicates the reverse current is detected, and disable the gate drivers in response to the signal.
5 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , comprising control circuitry that includes an under-voltage lockout (UVLO) circuit to disable the gate drivers when the input voltage is less than a threshold voltage.
6 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , wherein the digital drive circuitry includes a comparator to compare a drain voltage and a source voltage of the respective one of the low-side transistors, and output a signal to cause the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off when the drain voltage is larger than the source voltage, which indicates the reverse current is detected.
7 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , wherein the digital drive circuitry includes:
a second voltage offset that sets a minimum voltage difference; and
a comparator to compare a drain voltage and a source voltage of the respective one of the low-side transistors, and output a signal to cause the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off when the drain voltage is larger than the source voltage by at least the second voltage offset.
8 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 1 , wherein respective ones of the high-side gate drivers include digital drive circuitry to drive a respective one of the high-side transistors to switch on and off based on forward current through the respective one of the high-side transistors.
9 . The ideal diode bridge controller of claim 8 , wherein the digital drive circuitry includes a comparator to compare a source voltage and a drain voltage of the respective one of the high-side transistors, and output a switching signal to cause the respective one of the high-side transistors to switch on when the source voltage is larger than the drain voltage, and
wherein the digital drive circuitry includes a second voltage offset that sets a minimum voltage difference, and the comparator outputs the switching signal when the source voltage is larger than the drain voltage by at least the second voltage offset.
10 . A method comprising:
alternately switching high-side transistors and low-side transistors of a bridge rectifier on and off in pairs comprising one of the high-side transistors and an opposite one of the low-side transistors to cause the bridge rectifier to convert an input voltage of either of two polarities to an output voltage of one of the two polarities, the transistors arranged as the high-side transistors that are switched on and off by high-side gate drivers, and the low-side transistors that are switched on and off by low-side gate drivers, respective ones of the low-side gate drivers including linear drive circuitry and digital drive circuitry;
regulating, by an operational amplifier, a forward voltage of a respective one of the low-side transistors to drive the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch on and off, by the linear drive circuitry, based on forward current through the respective one of the low-side transistors; and
at the digital drive circuitry:
detecting a reverse current through the respective one of the low-side transistors; and
causing the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off in response to the reverse current,
wherein the forward voltage is regulated for the forward current up to a corresponding current for a first voltage offset and a characteristic on-resistance of the respective one of the low-side transistors in a saturation mode.
11 . The method of claim 10 , comprising selectively enabling and disabling the high-side gate drivers and the low-side gate drivers, including selectively enabling and disabling the linear drive circuitry and the digital drive circuitry of the respective ones of the low-side gate drivers.
12 . The method of claim 10 , comprising alternately enabling and disabling the high-side gate drivers and the low-side gate drivers in pairs corresponding to the pairs in which the transistors are alternately switched on and off.
13 . The method of claim 10 , comprising:
receiving a signal from the digital drive circuitry that indicates the reverse current is detected; and
disabling the high-side gate drivers and the low-side gate drivers in response to the signal from the digital drive circuitry that indicates the reverse current is detected.
14 . The method of claim 10 , comprising disabling the high-side gate drivers and the low-side gate drivers when the input voltage is less than a threshold voltage.
15 . The method of claim 10 , comprising:
comparing a drain voltage and a source voltage of the respective one of the low-side transistors at the digital drive circuitry; and
outputting a signal from the digital drive circuitry to cause the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off when the drain voltage is larger than the source voltage, which indicates the reverse current is detected.
16 . The method of claim 10 , comprising:
comparing a drain voltage and a source voltage of the respective one of the low-side transistors at the digital drive circuitry; and
outputting a signal from the digital drive circuitry to cause the respective one of the low-side transistors to switch off when the drain voltage is larger than the source voltage by at least a second voltage offset.
17 . The method of claim 10 , wherein respective ones of the high-side gate drivers include digital drive circuitry, and the method comprises driving a respective one of the high-side transistors to switch on and off, by the digital drive circuitry, based on forward current through the respective one of the high-side transistors.
18 . The method of claim 17 , comprising:
comparing a source voltage and a drain voltage of the respective one of the high-side transistors at the digital drive circuitry; and
outputting a switching signal from the digital drive circuitry to cause the respective one of the high-side transistors to switch on when the source voltage is larger than the drain voltage, the switching signal output when the source voltage is larger than the drain voltage by at least a second voltage offset.