Efficient high power microwave generation using recirculating pulses
A high frequency electromagnetic radiation generation device is disclosed that includes a high voltage input, a nonlinear transmission line, an antenna, and a pulse recirculating circuit. In some embodiments, the high voltage input may be configured to receive electrical pulses having a first peak voltage that is greater than 5 kV, and/or may be electrically coupled with the nonlinear transmission line. The antenna may be electrically coupled with the nonlinear transmission line and/or may radiate electromagnetic radiation at a frequency greater than 100 MHz about a voltage greater than 5 kV. The pulse recirculating may be electrically coupled with the high voltage input and the antenna. The pulse recirculating circuit may include a diode; a low pass filter; and a delay line. In some embodiments, unradiated energy from the antenna is directed through the pulse recirculating circuit to the nonlinear transmission line with a delay of less than 100 ns.
1 . A high powered microwave radiation generation device comprising:
a high voltage pulser comprising a plurality of solid-state switches, the high voltage pulser has a low stray inductance and a low stray capacitance, the high voltage pulser produces a plurality of electrical pulses having a first peak voltage that is greater than 1 kV and a pulse repetition frequency between 10 kHz and 100 kHz;
a transmission line comprising a plurality of inductors and capacitors that is electrically coupled with the high voltage pulser, wherein the transmission line shapes the electrical pulses from the high voltage pulser; and
an antenna electrically coupled with the nonlinear transmission line that has an impedance less than 0.5 ohms, and radiates electromagnetic radiation at a frequency greater than 100 MHz.
2 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line comprises a plurality of circuit elements that include a nonlinear semiconductor junction capacitance device and an inductor.
3 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line comprises a nonlinear transmission line selected from the group consisting of a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line, a ferrite based nonlinear transmission line, lumped element nonlinear transmission line, a parallel plate segmented nonlinear transmission line, and a magnetic lumped element nonlinear transmission line.
4 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a pulse recirculating circuit electrically coupled with the high voltage input and the antenna, the pulse recirculating circuit comprising:
a diode;
a low pass filter; and
a delay line;
wherein unradiated energy from the antenna is directed through the pulse recirculating circuit to the nonlinear transmission line with a delay of less than 500 ns.
5 . High powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the impedance of the transmission line is matched with the impedance of the antenna.
6 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line shortens the rise time of the plurality of electrical pulses.
7 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the transmission line shortens the fall time of the plurality of electrical pulses.
8 . A high powered microwave radiation generation device comprising:
a high voltage pulser comprising a plurality of solid-state switches, the high voltage pulser has a low stray inductance and a low stray capacitance, the high voltage pulser produces a plurality of electrical pulses having a first peak voltage that is greater than 1 kV and a pulse repetition frequency between 10 kHz and 100 kHz;
a transmission line electrically coupled with the high voltage pulser, the transmission line has a low stray inductance and a low stray capacitance;
a high voltage output electrically coupled with the nonlinear transmission line that radiates microwave radiation at a frequency greater than 100 MHz.
9 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 8 , further comprising:
a pulse recirculating circuit electrically coupled with the transmission line and the high voltage output, the pulse recirculating circuit configured to direct unradiated energy from the high voltage output to the nonlinear transmission line.
10 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 9 , wherein the pulse recirculating circuit comprises at least one diode.
11 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 9 , wherein the pulse recirculating circuit comprises a transmission line.
12 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 11 , wherein the transmission line comprises a delay line that introduces a delay of less than 500 ns in a pulse traveling through the pulse recirculating circuit.
13 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 9 , wherein the transmission line comprises a nonlinear transmission line selected from the group consisting of a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line, an LC ladder nonlinear transmission line, a lumped element nonlinear transmission line, a dielectric and/or capacitive lumped element nonlinear transmission line, a parallel plate segmented nonlinear transmission line, a magnetic lumped element nonlinear transmission line.
14 . The high powered microwave generation device according to claim 8 , wherein the antenna has an impedance less than 0.5 ohms.
15 . High powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 8 , wherein the impedance of the transmission line is matched with the impedance of the antenna.
16 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 8 , wherein the transmission line shortens the rise time of the plurality of electrical pulses.
17 . The high powered microwave radiation generation device according to claim 8 , wherein the transmission line shortens the fall time of the plurality of electrical pulses.