Systems and methods for cylindrical cage mapping and ablation catheters having integrated electrodes
The disclosed technology includes basket catheters comprising a generally cylindrical structure having electrodes attached thereto. The disclosed technology can include a structural unit for an end effector comprising a proximal member extending along a longitudinal axis. The proximal member can define a plurality of divergent curvilinear members. Each divergent curvilinear member can define two meander members extending along the longitudinal axis such that the structural unit comprises a plurality of meander members. Each of the plurality of meander members can be connected to a respective convergent curvilinear member of a plurality of convergent curvilinear members. The structural unit can further comprise a distal member connected to the plurality of convergent curvilinear members.
1 . A structural unit for an end effector comprising:
a proximal member extending along a longitudinal axis, the proximal member defining a plurality of divergent curvilinear members;
each divergent curvilinear member defining two meander members extending along the longitudinal axis such that the structural unit comprises a plurality of meander members, each of the plurality of meander members being connected to a respective convergent curvilinear member of a plurality of convergent curvilinear members; and
a distal member connected to the plurality of convergent curvilinear members, the structural unit being configured to transition between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration, the expanded configuration forming a generally cylindrical structure comprising:
a circumferential surface portion extending around the longitudinal axis; and
a substantially planar distal portion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
2 . The structural unit according to claim 1 , wherein each meander member of the plurality of meander members is connected to an adjacent meander member of the plurality of meander members.
3 . The structural unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of electrodes attached to the structural unit.
4 . The structural unit according to claim 3 , wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises one or more electrodes disposed between adjacent meander members of the plurality of meander members.
5 . The structural unit according to claim 1 , the generally cylindrical structure comprising a rounded transition portion connecting the circumferential surface portion to the planar distal portion.
6 . An end effector for a medical probe comprising:
a plurality of structural members connected to each other and forming a generally cylindrical structure, the generally cylindrical structure comprising a circumferential surface portion extending around a longitudinal axis and a substantially planar distal portion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, each structural member of the plurality of structural members comprising:
a proximal member extending along a longitudinal axis, the proximal member defining a plurality of divergent curvilinear members;
each divergent curvilinear member defining two meander members extending along the longitudinal axis such that the structural member comprises a plurality of meander members, each of the plurality of meander members being connected to a respective convergent curvilinear member of a plurality of convergent curvilinear members; and
a distal member connected to the plurality of convergent curvilinear members.
7 . The end effector of claim 6 , wherein the end effector is configured to transition between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration.
8 . The end effector according to claim 6 , wherein each meander member of the plurality of meander members is connected to an adjacent meander member of the plurality of meander members.
9 . The end effector according to claim 6 , further comprising a plurality of electrodes attached to the generally cylindrical structure.
10 . The end effector according to claim 9 , wherein the plurality of electrodes comprises a first electrode disposed between the proximal member and the plurality of divergent curvilinear members.
11 . The end effector according to claim 9 , wherein each electrode of the plurality of electrodes is formed by vacuum deposition directly onto the generally cylindrical structure.
12 . The end effector according to claim 9 , further comprising a reference electrode attached to the generally cylindrical structure.
13 . The end effector according to claim 12 , wherein the reference electrode is positioned proximate an electrode of the plurality of electrodes.
14 . The end effector according to claim 9 , further comprising one or more electrical traces formed on each structural member, each electrical trace being connected to a respective electrode of the plurality of electrodes.
15 . The end effector according to claim 6 , further comprising an electromagnetic coil attached to the generally cylindrical structure, the electromagnetic coil configured to detect a magnetic field for position sensing.
16 . A method of constructing a medical probe, the method comprising:
forming a plurality of spines from a planar sheet of material;
forming a plurality of electrodes on the planar sheet of material by vacuum deposition;
forming a plurality of electrical traces on the planar sheet of material, each electrical trace of the plurality of electrical traces being connected to a respective electrode of the plurality of electrodes; and
connecting opposite ends of the planar sheet of material to each other to form a cylindrical structure comprising a circumferential surface portion extending around a longitudinal axis and a substantially planar distal portion perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
17 . The method according to claim 16 , the cylindrical structure being configured to transition between a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration.
18 . The method according to claim 16 , each spine of the plurality of spines comprising a curvilinear spine.
19 . The method according to claim 16 , wherein each electrode is positioned at an intersection between two adjacent spines of the plurality of spines.
20 . The method according to claim 19 , further comprising attaching a plurality of reference electrodes to the cylindrical structure, each reference electrode of the plurality of reference electrodes being positioned proximate a respective electrode of the plurality of electrodes and attached to a respective spine of the plurality of spines on a side of the respective spine opposite each respective electrode of the plurality of electrodes.