Battery packs for utility vehicle electric drivetrains
A battery system for an electric vehicle includes a battery assembly including a housing that houses one or more battery cells for storing power for an electric vehicle drive system, the housing having an elongate flat outer shape, wherein the housing has a height, a width, and a length, wherein at least one of the length or the width is at least 5 times the height; and one or more mounting systems for attaching the battery assembly to a frame member of an electric vehicle.
1 . A battery assembly for an electric vehicle, the battery assembly comprising:
a first housing that defines an interior space, the first housing comprising:
a perimeter frame;
a top cover connected to a top portion of the perimeter frame; and
a bottom cover connected to a bottom portion of the perimeter frame;
wherein the perimeter frame comprises a first plurality of elongate frame members connected together at their ends to form a perimeter of the first housing, the first plurality of elongate frame members comprising at least a forward frame member, a rearward frame member, a first lateral side frame member, and a second lateral side frame member;
wherein at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member comprise a cross-sectional profile configured to at least partially absorb impact loads resulting from a crash, the cross-sectional profile comprising a plurality of braces separated by voids;
a first plurality of battery modules positioned within the interior space of the first housing, each of the first plurality of battery modules comprising one or more battery cells, a positive electric terminal, a negative electric terminal, a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet;
a first rack structure positioned within the interior space of the first housing and coupled to the perimeter frame, the first rack structure comprising a plurality of support elements that cooperate to retain the first plurality of battery modules with respect to the first housing;
a second housing configured to house a second plurality of battery modules within an interior space of the second housing, the second housing having a second plurality of elongate frame members connected together at their ends to form a perimeter of the second housing;
a mounting bracket assembly for coupling the first housing and the second housing to a vehicle frame, the mounting bracket assembly including:
a housing bracket having a vertically extending portion that comprises one or more openings for receiving one or more fasteners for coupling to respective external vertically extending surfaces of one of the first plurality of elongate frame members and one of the second plurality of elongate frame members, such that the second housing is positioned underneath and adjacent to the first housing.
2 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the top cover of the housing is flat.
3 . The battery assembly of claim 2 , wherein the top portion of the perimeter frame comprises a recessed area that receives the top cover such that the top cover does not extend above the perimeter frame.
4 . The battery assembly of claim 2 , wherein the top cover comprises a thickness that is no greater than 60% of a thickness of at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member.
5 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bottom cover of the first housing is flat.
6 . The battery assembly of claim 5 , wherein the bottom portion of the perimeter frame comprises a recessed area that receives the bottom cover such that the bottom cover does not extend below the perimeter frame.
7 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the first housing comprises an elongate shape having a length, a width, and a height, wherein at least one of the length or the width is at least 5 times the height.
8 . The battery assembly of claim 7 , wherein the at least one of the length or the width is at least 8 times the height.
9 . The battery assembly of claim 7 , wherein both of the length and the width are at least 5 times the height.
10 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member comprise extruded structures.
11 . The battery assembly of claim 10 , wherein each of the first plurality of elongate frame members comprise extruded structures.
12 . The battery assembly of claim 11 , wherein the first plurality of elongate frame members are welded together to form a continuous perimeter.
13 . The battery assembly of claim 10 , wherein each of the first plurality of elongate frame members comprise extruded aluminum.
14 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the first plurality of elongate frame members comprise an external surface extending along a vertical direction, the external surface comprising one or more mounting bracket fastening features for coupling thereto of a mounting bracket assembly.
15 . The battery assembly of claim 14 , wherein the one or more mounting bracket fastening features comprise one or more of a hole, a slot, a thread, or a stud.
16 . The battery assembly of claim 14 , wherein the at least two of the first plurality of elongate frame members comprises the forward frame member and the rearward frame member.
17 . The battery assembly of claim 1 , wherein the mounting bracket assembly further comprises:
a vehicle bracket configured to be coupled to the vehicle frame; and
one or more vibration dampening assemblies coupling the housing bracket to the vehicle bracket.
18 . A battery assembly for an electric vehicle, the battery assembly comprising:
a housing that defines an interior space, the housing comprising:
a perimeter frame comprising a plurality of elongate frame members connected together at their ends to form a perimeter of the housing, the plurality of elongate frame members comprising at least a forward frame member, a rearward frame member, a first lateral side frame member, and a second lateral side frame member,
wherein at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member are configured to at least partially absorb impact loads resulting from a crash;
a plurality of battery modules positioned within the interior space of the housing, each of the plurality of battery modules comprising one or more battery cells, a positive electric terminal, a negative electric terminal, a coolant inlet, and a coolant outlet; and
a support structure configured to retain the plurality of battery modules with respect to the housing,
wherein the plurality of battery modules are grouped into a first bank and a second bank, with a central space positioned between the first bank and the second bank, and with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet of each of the plurality of battery modules positioned facing the central space; and
wherein the battery assembly further comprises one or more coolant lines positioned within the central space, fluidly coupled to the coolant inlets and the coolant outlets of the plurality of battery modules, and fluidly coupleable through the perimeter frame to an externally located coolant pump.
19 . The battery assembly of claim 18 , wherein the housing has a generally flat, elongate shape having a length, a width, and a height, wherein at least one of the length or the width is at least 5 times the height.
20 . A battery assembly for an electric vehicle, the battery assembly comprising:
a housing that defines an interior space, the housing comprising:
a perimeter frame comprising a plurality of elongate frame members connected together at their ends to form a perimeter of the housing, the plurality of elongate frame members comprising at least a forward frame member, a rearward frame member, a first lateral side frame member, and a second lateral side frame member,
wherein at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member are configured to at least partially absorb impact loads resulting from a crash;
a plurality of battery modules positioned within the interior space of the housing, each of the plurality of battery modules comprising one or more battery cells;
a support structure configured to retain the plurality of battery modules with respect to the housing; and
a power electronics module attached to an external front surface of the forward frame member or to an external rear surface of the rearward frame member, the power electronics module comprising at least battery management system (BMS) components electrically coupleable to the plurality of battery modules to control charging of and power distribution from the plurality of battery modules.
21 . The battery assembly of claim 20 , wherein the power electronics module is removably attached to the external front surface of the forward frame member or to the external rear surface of the rearward frame member.
22 . The battery assembly of claim 20 , wherein the power electronics module comprises:
a housing defining an internal cavity that houses the BMS components;
one or more electrical connectors for electrically coupling an electric vehicle drive system to the plurality of battery modules, the one or more electrical connectors being positioned at least partially external to the internal cavity of the power electronics module housing; and
a guard member extending laterally from the housing of the power electronics module and positioned such that the one or more electrical connectors are positioned between the guard member and the external front surface of the forward frame member or the external rear surface of the rearward frame member to which the power electronics module is attached.
23 . The battery assembly of claim 20 , wherein the housing has a generally flat, elongate shape having a length, a width, and a height, wherein at least one of the length or the width is at least 5 times the height.
24 . A battery assembly for an electric vehicle, the battery assembly comprising:
a first housing and a second housing that define respective interior spaces, the first housing and the second housing each comprising:
a perimeter frame comprising a plurality of elongate frame members connected together at their ends to form a perimeter, the plurality of elongate frame members comprising at least a forward frame member, a rearward frame member, a first lateral side frame member, and a second lateral side frame member,
wherein at least the first lateral side frame member and the second lateral side frame member are configured to at least partially absorb impact loads resulting from a crash;
a first plurality of battery modules positioned within the interior space of the first housing and comprising one or more battery cells;
a second plurality of battery modules positioned within the interior space of the second housing and comprising one or more battery cells;
a first support structure within the first housing configured to retain the first plurality of battery modules with respect to the first housing;
a second support structure within the second housing configured to retain the second plurality of battery modules with respect to the second housing; and
a mounting bracket assembly for coupling the first housing and the second housing to a vehicle frame, the mounting bracket assembly including a housing bracket configured to be coupled to an external vertical surface of the first housing and an external vertical surface of the second housing, such that the second housing is positioned underneath and adjacent to the first housing.
25 . The battery assembly of claim 24 , wherein at least one of the first housing or the second housing has a generally flat, elongate shape having a length, a width, and a height, wherein at least one of the length or the width is at least 5 times the height.