Ice protection apparatus and system
A freezing point depressant (FPD) fluid distribution apparatus and ice protection system for a propeller blade, the apparatus comprising an upper section and a lower section, wherein the upper section is configured to distribute FPD fluid to the low pressure side of a propeller blade, and the lower section is configured to distribute FPD fluid to the high pressure side of a propeller blade, and wherein the upper and lower sections each comprise one or more FPD fluid chambers, the or each FPD fluid chamber comprising an associated fluid-permeable cover.
1 . A freezing point depressant (FPD) fluid distribution apparatus for a propeller blade, the apparatus comprising an upper section and a lower section,
wherein the upper section is configured to distribute FPD fluid to the low pressure side of a propeller blade, and the lower section is configured to distribute FPD fluid to the high pressure side of a propeller blade,
wherein the upper and lower sections each comprise one or more FPD fluid chambers, the or each FPD fluid chamber comprising an associated fluid-permeable cover; and
characterised in that each fluid chamber is formed in the side of the apparatus that faces in the direction of a propeller blade tip in use.
2 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the upper section and the lower section of the apparatus are configured to project above the respective surfaces of the lower pressure and high pressure sides of a propeller blade.
3 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is substantially aerofoil shaped.
4 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus comprises a leading edge and a trailing edge, optionally wherein the leading edge and the trailing edge are part of an external or outer aerofoil surface defined by the upper and lower sections of the FPD fluid distribution apparatus.
5 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the outer or external aerofoil surface is an airflow-engaging surface, optionally, wherein the FPD fluid distribution apparatus is a lift-generating body.
6 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the upper and lower sections of the apparatus are integrally formed with, or form part of, a propeller blade structure.
7 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is a propeller blade-mountable cuff, optionally wherein the cuff is configured for chord-wise mounting to a propeller blade.
8 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the upper section and the lower section apparatus are connected at their respective ends to form a loop having a central opening, the central opening configured to permit insertion of a propeller blade.
9 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the upper and lower sections of the apparatus each comprise a single elongate FPD fluid chamber.
10 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each fluid chamber extends substantially from a location proximate a leading edge of the apparatus to a location proximate a trailing edge of the apparatus.
11 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each fluid chamber comprises a trough extending into the FPD fluid distribution apparatus from the tip side of the FPD fluid distribution apparatus, the trough comprising a base bounded by sidewalls upstanding from said base.
12 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 9 , wherein each fluid chamber comprises an associated inlet opening, optionally wherein the inlet opening extends from the base of the fluid chamber to the side of the apparatus that faces in the direction of a propeller blade root in use.
13 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 12 , wherein each inlet opening is provided in the base of a fluid chamber proximate the leading edge of apparatus, optionally wherein each inlet opening is configured for connection with a fluid feed tube that conveys FPD fluid from a slinger ring to the apparatus.
14 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluid-permeable cover is configured to secrete FPD fluid from within the fluid chamber to the exterior of the FPD fluid distribution apparatus.
15 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluid-permeable cover is integrally formed with the FPD fluid distribution apparatus.
16 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the fluid-permeable cover comprises a porous structure, optionally wherein the porous structure is a lattice structure.
17 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , or optionally where the porous structure comprises one or more apertures, wherein the or each aperture is in fluid communication with a fluid chamber.
18 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the porous structure of the fluid-permeable cover is formed by 3D printing.
19 . An FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is manufactured by 3D printing.
20 . An ice protection system comprising:
an FPD fluid distribution apparatus as claimed in claim 1 ; and an FPD fluid supply system configured to transfer a freezing point depressant (FPD) fluid from a fluid reservoir to said FPD fluid distribution apparatus.
21 . An ice protection system as claimed in claim 20 , wherein the FPD fluid supply system comprises at least one source of gas propellant, at least one pressure regulator, at least one fluid reservoir, at least one solenoid valve, at least one fluid conduit.
22 . An ice protection system as claimed in claim 20 , further comprising an apparatus to effect fluid transfer fluid across a rotating assembly, optionally wherein the apparatus to effect fluid transfer fluid across a rotating assembly comprises a nozzle and a slinger ring.