Lifting device for lifting and lowering loads
A lifting device having two frame assemblies which lie vertically over each other, the lower frame assembly being suspended on the upper frame assembly via a lifting pulling device that can be wound by a lifting/lowering device. To stabilize the lower frame assembly in a first lateral direction, the lifting pulling device is diverted at least once over the extension thereof such that a diagonal section, running in an inclined manner relative to vertical, of the lifting pulling device crosses a directly adjacent diagonal section of another lifting pulling device, the other diagonal section running in an oppositely inclined manner. A diagonal pulling device, which can be wound by a tensioning device, extends between the two frame assemblies, two directly adjacent diagonal pulling devices crossing each other such that the second frame assembly is also stabilized in a second lateral direction with respect to the upper frame assembly.
1 . A lifting apparatus ( 1 ) for raising and lowering loads or heavy loads, the lifting apparatus ( 1 ) comprising:
two frame assemblies ( 2 , 3 ), a lower frame assembly ( 2 ) and an upper frame assembly ( 3 ), which are positioned one above the other with respect to a vertical direction (Z), and are able to be oriented so as to be in parallel with one another;
lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) each of which extends in a respective lifting and pulling means plane unique to each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), wherein the lifting and pulling means planes are oriented so as to be side-by-side and mutually parallel to each other;
a tensioning device;
oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) each of which extends in a respective oblique pulling means plane unique to each of the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ), wherein the oblique pulling means planes are positioned side-by-side and mutually parallel to each other and are oriented so as to be at right angles to the lifting and pulling means planes, and wherein the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) extend between the two frame assemblies ( 2 , 3 ) and are able to be wound and unwound by means of the tensioning device;
a raising and lowering device;
wherein the lower frame assembly ( 2 ) is arranged suspended on the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) by a respective one of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), such that the lower frame assembly ( 2 ) are able to be raised on the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) by winding the respective one of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) using the raising and lowering device, and the lower frame assembly ( 2 ) are able to be lowered with respect to the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) by unwinding the respective one of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 );
wherein each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) is deflected at least once in the extension thereof in order to stabilize the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), which is movable, with respect to the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), in at least one first lateral direction (R 1 ) which is transverse to the vertical direction (Z), such that a diagonal portion (H 1 d -H 4 d ) of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), which extends in a first diagonal direction so as to be inclined relative to the vertical direction (Z) as a result, intersects with such a diagonal portion (H 1 d -H 4 d ) of another one of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), which diagonal portion is directly adjacent and extends in a manner inclined in a second diagonal direction opposite from the first diagonal direction;
wherein a course of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), extending in the respective lifting and pulling means plane, also extends between the two frame assemblies ( 2 , 3 ),
wherein, for each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ), two directly adjacent of the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) intersect with one another such that the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), which is movable relative to the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) in a second lateral direction (R 2 ) at right angles to the first lateral direction (R 1 ) and transversely to the vertical direction (Z), is stabilized relative to the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) and with respect to the second lateral direction (R 2 ).
2 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein two of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) are able to be deflected together, towards the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), at a deflection shaft ( 5 a , 5 b ) located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ).
3 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) is deflected towards the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), at a first deflection means located in the region of the lower frame assembly ( 2 ).
4 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) is deflected, at a second deflection means located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), towards the first deflection means located in the region of the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), and then deflected towards a deflection shaft ( 5 a , 5 b ) located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ).
5 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 4 , wherein each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) comprises at least one first vertical portion (H 1 v 1 , H 2 v 1 , H 3 v 1 , H 4 v 1 ) which extends between the second deflection means located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ) and the first deflection means located in the region of the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), and at least one second vertical portion (H 1 v 2 , H 2 v 2 , H 3 v 2 , H 4 v 2 ) which extends between the first deflection means located in the region of the lower frame assembly ( 2 ) and the deflection shaft ( 5 a , 5 b ) located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), the two vertical portions enclosing, therebetween, an angle of from 0° to 4°.
6 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein a free end of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) is fixed on the lower frame assembly ( 2 ), end portions of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) that are opposite the free ends being coupled to a lifting shaft ( 4 b ) of the raising and lowering device ( 4 ) which is able to be rotated by a lifting drive ( 4 a ), and is able to be wound around said lifting shaft, at least in part, and unwound therefrom.
7 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein a free end of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) is fixed on the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), end portions of each of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) that are opposite the free ends being coupled to a lifting shaft ( 4 b ) of the raising and lowering device ( 4 ) which is able to be rotated by a lifting drive ( 4 a ), and is able to be wound around said lifting shaft, at least in part, and unwound therefrom.
8 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 6 , wherein the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) are deflected together, towards the lifting shaft ( 4 b ) of the raising and lowering device ( 4 ) located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ), at a deflection shaft ( 5 c ) located in the region of the upper frame assembly ( 3 ).
9 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the tensioning device comprises at least one tensioning drive, which is mechanically independent of a lifting drive ( 4 a ) of the raising and lowering device ( 4 ), which tensioning drive is coupled to at least one tensioning shaft, wherein at least two of the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) are able to be wound and unwound around the tensioning shaft, at least in part.
10 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 9 , further comprising at least two tensioning shafts, around which tensioning shafts at least two of the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) are able be wound around, at least in part, and from which the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) are able to be unwound, with each of the tensioning shafts being at least indirectly coupled, either to a respective tensioning drive associated with each of the tensioning shafts, or to a common tensioning drive.
11 . The lifting apparatus ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the lifting and pulling means (H 1 -H 4 ) and/or at least one of the oblique pulling means (S 1 -S 4 ) is selected from the group consisting of a strap, a belt, a cable, and a chain, or includes at least one of said group, at least in part.