Heat exchanger, method of operating a heat exchanger and process water distillation system
A heat exchanger which is particularly suitable for use in a process water distillation system comprises a first flow path configured to be flown through with a first fluid to be heated und a second flow path configured to be flown through with a second fluid to be cooled. The second flow path is in thermal contact with the first flow path at least in sections, and the second flow path is designed such that a flow of the second fluid, upon being fed into the second flow path and/or upon flowing through the second flow path, is calmed. A suction device is configured to suck a fluid component, which separates from the second fluid while the second fluid is supplied into the second flow path and/or flows through the second flow path, from a surface of the second fluid in the second flow path.
1 . A process water distillation system comprising:
an evaporator;
a condenser;
a compressor configured to generate a desired pressure in at least a region of the process water distillation system and to convey steam from the evaporator into the condenser; and
a heat exchanger comprising:
a first flow path configured to be flown through with a first fluid to be heated;
a second flow path configured to be flown through with a second fluid to be cooled, the second flow path being in thermal contact with the first flow path at least in sections, and the second flow path being configured to reduce turbulences within a flow of the second fluid, upon being fed into the second flow path and/or upon flowing through the second flow path; and
a suction device configured to suck a fluid component, which separates from the second fluid while the second fluid is fed into the second flow path and/or flows through the second flow path, from a surface of the second fluid in the second flow path,
wherein, during operation of the process water distillation system, the first fluid to be heated, which flows through the first flow path of the heat exchanger, is process water to be purified and the second fluid to be cooled, which flows through the second flow path of the heat exchanger, is distillate emerging from the condenser.
2 . The process water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least a section of the second flow path is defined by an internal volume of a vessel in which the first flow path is arranged fluidically separated from the second flow path, so that the second fluid flowing through the second flow path flows around the first flow path; and/or
a plurality of flow-directing elements are provided in at least a section of the second flow path, which are arranged one behind another with respect to a main flow direction of the second fluid through the second flow path and offset with respect to one another in a direction perpendicular to the main flow direction of the second fluid through the second flow path; and/or
an inlet of the second flow path is designed and arranged such that the second fluid fed into the second flow path is fed into the second flow path substantially parallel to a surface level of the second fluid in the second flow path and/or substantially at a level with the surface level of the second fluid in the second flow path, wherein the inlet of the second flow path opens in an upstream region of the second flow path into an upper region of the vessel, the internal volume of which defines at least a section of the second flow path; and/or
an outlet of the second flow path is designed and arranged such that the second fluid is discharged from the second flow path after flowing through the second flow path from a sump region of the second flow path, the outlet of the second flow path being arranged in a downstream region of the second flow path in a bottom region of the vessel, the internal volume of which defines at least a section of the second flow path.
3 . The process water distillation system according to claim 2 , wherein:
the second flow path, the inlet of the second flow path, and the outlet of the second flow path are designed and arranged such that the second fluid flows through the second flow path along an entire length of the second flow path in a constant main flow direction; or
a flow deflection device is arranged in the second flow path, which is configured to deflect the flow of the second fluid through the second flow path such that the second fluid flows through the second flow path along a first section of the second flow path in a first main flow direction and along a second section of the second flow path in a second main flow direction opposite to the first main flow direction.
4 . The process water distillation system according to claim 3 , wherein:
the inlet of the second flow path opens in an upstream region of the first section of the second flow path into the upper region of the vessel, the internal volume of which defines at least a section of the second flow path; and/or
the outlet of the second flow path is arranged in a downstream region of the second section of the second flow path in the bottom region of the vessel, the internal volume of which defines at least a section of the second flow path; and/or
the flow deflection device comprises a first separating plate which divides the second flow path into the first section and the second section, the first separating plate being designed and arranged such that the upstream region of the first section of the second flow path and the downstream region of the second section of the second flow path are fluidically separated from one another, and/or the first separating plate being designed and arranged such that a downstream region of the first section of the second flow path and an upstream region of the second section of the second flow path are fluidically connected to one another.
5 . The process water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein:
at least a section of the first flow path is defined by an inner volume of a plurality of tubes arranged substantially parallel to each other; and/or
a flow direction of the first fluid through the first flow path is directed opposite to a main flow direction of the second fluid through the second flow path; and/or
an inlet of the first flow path opens into a bottom region of an inlet chamber which is connected to an upstream region of the first flow path; and/or
an outlet of the first flow path is connected to an upper region of an outlet chamber which is connected to a downstream region of the first flow path.
6 . The process water distillation system according to claim 5 , wherein:
the first flow path, the inlet chamber, and the outlet chamber are designed and arranged such that the first fluid flows through the first flow path along an entire length of the first flow path in a constant flow direction; or
the first flow path, the inlet chamber, and the outlet chamber are designed and arranged such that the first fluid flows through the first flow path along a first section of the first flow path in a first flow direction and along a second section of the first flow path in a second flow direction opposite to the first flow direction.
7 . The process water distillation system according to claim 6 , wherein:
the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are arranged one above another in a direction substantially perpendicular to the first flow direction of the first fluid along the first section of the first flow path and substantially perpendicular to the second flow direction of the first fluid along the second section of the first flow path; and/or
the inlet chamber and the outlet chamber are separated from each other by a second separating plate; and/or
a downstream end of the first section of the first flow path and an upstream end of the second section of the first flow path are connected to a flow deflection chamber which is designed and arranged such that the first fluid flowing in the first flow direction from the first section of the first flow path into the flow deflection chamber is deflected and directed into the second section of the first flow path in the second flow direction opposite to the first flow direction.
8 . The process water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein a downstream region of the second flow path is connected to a receiving chamber for receiving the second fluid discharged from the second flow path, wherein the receiving chamber comprises a first section and a second section arranged downstream of the first section and separated from the first section by an overflow device, and wherein the overflow device is designed and arranged such that the second fluid flowing through the second flow path flows completely around the first flow path.
9 . The process water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein at last a section of the first flow path is designed and arranged such that its outer surface acts as a coalescing element for improving a separation efficiency of the fluid component from the second fluid.
10 . The process water distillation system according to claim 1 , wherein
the second fluid discharged from the second flow path is received in a receiving chamber which is connected to a downstream region of the second flow path, wherein the receiving chamber comprises a first section and a second section arranged downstream of the first section and separated from the first section by an overflow device, and wherein the overflow device is designed and arranged such that the second fluid flowing through the second flow path flows completely around the first flow path.
11 . A method for operating a heat exchanger provided use in a process water distillation system, the method comprising:
conducting a first fluid to be heated through a first flow path, wherein the first fluid comprises process water;
conducting a second fluid to be cooled through a second flow path, wherein the second fluid comprises distillate, wherein the second flow path is in thermal contact with the first flow path at least in sections, and wherein turbulences within a flow of the second fluid, upon being fed into the second flow path and/or upon flowing through the second flow path are reduced; and
sucking a fluid component, which separates from the second fluid while the second fluid is fed into the second flow path and/or flows through the second flow path, from a surface of the second fluid in the second flow path.
12 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein:
the second fluid flowing through the second flow path flows around the first flow path; and/or
a flow of the second fluid through the second flow path is deflected by a plurality of flow-directing elements which are arranged one behind another with respect to a main flow direction of the second fluid through the second flow path and offset with respect to one another in a direction perpendicular to the main flow direction of the second fluid through the second flow path; and/or
the second fluid is fed into the second flow path substantially parallel to a surface level of the second fluid in the second flow path and/or substantially at a level with a surface level of the second fluid in the second flow path; and/or
the second fluid is discharged from the second flow path after flowing through the second flow path from a sump region of the second flow path.
13 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein:
the second fluid flows through the second flow path along an entire length of the second flow path in a constant main flow direction, or
the flow of the second fluid through the second flow path is deflected such that the second fluid flows through the second flow path along a first section of the second flow path in a first main flow direction and along a second section of the second flow path in a second main flow direction opposite to the first main flow direction.
14 . The method according to claim 11 , wherein:
the first fluid flows through the first path along an entire length of the first flow path in a constant flow direction; or of the first flow path in a constant flow direction; or
the first fluid flows through the first flow path along a first section of the first flow path in a first flow direction and along a second section of the first flow path in a second flow direction opposite to the first flow direction.