Composition with shell and core for removal of ionic contaminants
A composition for selectively removing a first ionic contaminant from a wastewater stream. The composition is formed into a particle. The composition includes a core formed of a non-active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, and, a shell formed from an active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, wherein the active material comprises between 10 to 50 wt % of the particle. The shell may also include a binder material that may be non-active relative to the first ionic contaminant, but active relative to a second ionic contaminant. The core may be formed from a glass-forming material so that a vitrification process may be used for the spent solid waste.
1 . A composition for selectively removing a first ionic contaminant from a wastewater stream, the composition formed into a particle and comprising:
a core of a non-active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, the non-active material selected from a group consisting of: ceramic, silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, silicates, titanates, zeolites, and combinations thereof, and the non-active material forming an innermost portion of the particle; and,
a shell formed from a binder and an active material relative to the first ionic contaminant,
wherein the active material comprises between 10 to 50 wt % of the particle,
wherein the binder comprises hydroxyl metal oxide.
2 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises between 0.1 to 40 wt % of the binder.
3 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a median diameter size between 0.4 to 2.1 mm.
4 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a spherical shape.
5 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the particle has a non-spherical shape.
6 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell has a thickness between 20-100 μm.
7 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first ionic contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: cesium, strontium, mercury, silver, lead, transition metal, iodine, lanthanide and actinide metal ions.
8 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the core, or the binder, or both are active relative to a second ionic contaminant in the wastewater stream, the second ionic contaminant different from the first ionic contaminant.
9 . The composition of claim 8 , wherein the second ionic contaminant is selected from a group consisting of: cesium, strontium, mercury, silver, lead, transition metal, iodine, lanthanide metal, and actinide metal ions.
10 . The composition of claim 8 , wherein the core comprises a material configured to be subjected to a vitrification process without releasing the first and the second ionic contaminants.
11 . The composition of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a material selected from a group consisting of: a metallotitanate, a metallogermanate, a pillared clay, a metal phosphonate, and combinations thereof.
12 . A composition for selectively removing a first ionic contaminant from a wastewater stream, the composition formed into a particle and comprising:
a core of a non-active material relative to the first ionic contaminant, non-active material selected from a group consisting of: ceramic, silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, silicates, titanates, zeolites, and combinations thereof, and the non-active material forming an innermost portion of the particle; and,
a shell formed from a binder and an active material relative to the first ionic contaminant,
wherein the shell comprises between 0.1 to 40 wt % of the binder,
wherein the active material comprises between 10 to 50 wt % of the particle.
13 . The composition of claim 12 , wherein the shell comprises between 10 to 30 wt % of the binder.
14 . The composition of claim 13 , wherein the binder is active relative to a second ionic contaminant in the wastewater stream, the second ionic contaminant different from the first ionic contaminant.
15 . The composition of claim 14 , wherein the core comprises a material configured to be subjected to a vitrification process without releasing the first and the second ionic contaminants.
16 . The composition of claim 12 , wherein the particle has a median diameter size between 0.4 to 2.1 mm.
17 . The composition of claim 12 , wherein the shell has a thickness between 20-100 μm.