Glasses and glass-ceramics and methods of making them
Phosphate glasses and glass-ceramics exhibit a positive percent kill as measured by United States EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer and/or have a CIELAB L* value below 35, CIELAB a* and b* values within 5 of zero.
1 . A method of making a material, the method comprising:
melting a batch mixture comprising:
0<SiO 2 ≤35 mol %;
30 mol %≤P 2 O 5 ≤65 mol %, and
25 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %;
mixing the melt;
cooling the mixture to form a glass, and
annealing the glass without growing crystals in the glass such that the annealed glass is amorphous, single-phase.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising machining the glass in open air at atmospheric pressure and at temperature within 50 degrees of 0° C.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the batch mixture further comprises 5 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤15 mol.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the batch mixture comprises 40 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass exhibits a percent kill of at least 75 as measured by United States EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass exhibits a CIELAB L* value below 35.
7 . A method of making a material, the method comprising:
melting a batch mixture comprising:
30 mol %≤P 2 O 5 ≤65 mol %,
40 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %; and
3 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤15 mol %
mixing the melt; and
cooling the mixture to form a glass.
8 . The method of claim 7 , further comprising machining the glass in open air at atmospheric pressure and at temperature within 50 degrees of 0° C.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the batch mixture further comprises 5 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤15 mol.
10 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the glass exhibits a percent kill of at least 75 as measured by United States EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the glass exhibits a CIELAB L* value below 35.
12 . A method of making a material, the method comprising:
melting a batch mixture comprising:
30 mol %≤P 2 O 5 ≤65 mol %, and
25 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %;
3 mol %≤X≤15 mol %, wherein X is Fe 2 O 3 ;
mixing the melt;
cooling the mixture to form a glass, and
annealing the glass without growing crystals in the glass such that the annealed glass is amorphous, single-phase.
13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the glass exhibits a percent kill of at least 75 as measured by United States EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the glass exhibits a CIELAB L* value below 35.
15 . The method of claim 12 , further comprising machining the glass in open air at atmospheric pressure and at temperature within 50 degrees of 0° C.
16 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the batch mixture comprises 40 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %.
17 . A method of making a material, the method comprising:
melting a batch mixture comprising:
0<SiO 2 ≤35 mol %;
30 mol %≤P 2 O 5 ≤65 mol %;
25 mol %≤CuO≤55 mol %; and
3 mol %≤Fe 2 O 3 ≤15 mol %;
mixing the melt; and
cooling the mixture to form a glass.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the glass exhibits a percent kill of at least 75 as measured by United States EPA Test Method for Efficacy of Copper Alloy Surfaces as a Sanitizer.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the glass exhibits a CIELAB L* value below 35.
20 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising machining the glass in open air at atmospheric pressure and at temperature within 50 degrees of 0° C.