Encapsulated internal filter cake breaker
A method includes: introducing a breaker composite into a subsurface formation, the breaker composite having a shell encapsulating a core comprising a breaker; breaking or degrading the shell of the breaker composite to release the breaker; and reacting the released breaker with a component of a filter cake, a scale, or a combination thereof thereby removing the filter cake, the scale, or a combination thereof.
1 . A method comprising:
introducing a breaker composite into a subsurface formation, the breaker composite having a shell encapsulating a core comprising a breaker, wherein the breaker comprises at least one of an acid component or a chelant, and wherein the core comprising a disintegrating agent comprising a phase change material, wherein the phase change material comprises paraffines, high density polyethylene (HDPE), d-mannitol, hydroquinone, adipic acid, acetamide, erythritol, phthalic anhydride, maleic acid, 2-chlorobenzoic acid, sugars, sugar alcohols, or fatty acids or their derivatives;
breaking or degrading the shell of the breaker composite to release the breaker, wherein breaking or degrading the shell comprises heating the disintegrating agent to cause the phase change material to expand; and
reacting the released breaker with a component of a filter cake, a scale, or a combination thereof thereby removing the filter cake, the scale, or a combination thereof.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
forming the filter cake adjacent the subsurface formation from a treatment fluid, the filter cake comprising the breaker composite.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the treatment fluid is a drilling fluid.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the component in the filter cake or the scale that reacts with the released breaker is a calcium salt.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the shell comprises a degradable material.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein degrading the shell further comprises changing a pH of a wellbore fluid contacting the breaker composite, and degrading the shell with the wellbore fluid.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the disintegrating agent further comprising a gas-producing material.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein breaking the shell comprises heating the disintegrating agent to cause the gas-producing material to produce a gas.
9 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the core comprises the phase change material, the phase change material having a phase transition temperature between about 125° F. (52° C.) and about 1,000° F. (538° C.); and a volumetric expansion of at least 3% during a phase transition relative to a volume of the phase change material before the phase transition.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the phase change material further comprises at least one of an inorganic salt, an eutectic mixture of inorganic salts, a metal hydroxide, an eutectic mixture of an inorganic salt with an organic material, a hydrate of an inorganic salt, a hydrate of metal hydroxide, or an organic material.
11 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the gas-producing material comprises at least one of an azo compound, an azide compound, or a metal carbonyl.
12 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the shell comprises at least one of alginate, cellulose, starch, chitosan, dextran sulfate, pectin, xanthan gum, a polymethacrylate, a polydimethylsiloxane, a polystyrene, a polyvinyl acetate, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, silica, alumina, titania, sodium silicate, calcium carbonate, nickel, nickel phosphorus, a nickel alloy, an iron oxide, an oxyhydroxide, or an iron salt.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the breaker composite further comprises a magnetic material.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the method further comprises applying an electromagnetic radiation to the magnetic material to generate heat.
15 . The method of claim 1 , comprising:
injecting into the subsurface formation a drilling fluid comprising a carrier, the breaker composite, and at least one of a viscosifier, a rheology modifier, a dispersant, a weighting agent, a defoamer, a fluid loss agent, a thickening agent, bentonite, a lubricant, a filler, an emulsifier, a surfactant, or a pH buffer;
forming a filter cake adjacent the subsurface formation from the drilling fluid, the filter cake comprising the breaker composite;
performing a wellbore operation;
and
reacting the released breaker with a calcium salt in the filter cake thereby removing the filter cake.