Topologically modulated reflecting intelligent surfaces and method to enable sectoral area coverage under network applications
The advent of fifth generation technology systems leads to seamless connectivity requirements for IoT-based applications. High frequencies of operation lead to inherent problem of path loss, and to mitigate designing of passive reflecting intelligent surfaces for practical operations are challenging. This disclosure relates a method to enable sectoral area coverage under network applications by topologically modulated reflecting intelligent surfaces. A Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell is received as an input. The Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell is characterized to obtain unit cell dimension with independent reflection-phase characteristics. The independent reflection-phase characteristics are utilized to identify distinct unit cell elements. Surface layouts are generated by the distinct unit cell elements. The surface layouts are characterized with respect to an incoming source radiation pattern to identify reflected radiation pattern parameters. The real-time sectoral signal coverage is designed based on the reflected radiation pattern parameters of the surface layouts and position of Ku-band horn antennas.
1 . A processor implemented method comprising:
receiving, via one or more hardware processors, a Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell as an input, wherein the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell correspond to a reflecting unit cell under subwavelength conditions;
characterizing, via the one or more hardware processors, the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell to obtain a unit cell dimension with one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics, wherein the unit cell dimension corresponds to a shape of the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell, and wherein the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics corresponds to a reflecting nature of at least one unit cell element over a desired range of frequency;
identifying, via the one or more hardware processors, one or more distinct unit cell elements based on the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics;
generating, via the one or more hardware processors, one or more surface layouts by the one or more distinct unit cell elements;
characterizing, via the one or more hardware processors, the one or more surface layouts with respect to an incoming source radiation pattern to identify one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters, wherein the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters corresponds to: (i) an angle of a reflected radiation pattern, or (ii) a beamwidth of the reflected radiation pattern, or (iii) a gain of the reflected radiation pattern, and (iv) combination thereof; and
designing, via the one or more hardware processors, a real-time sectoral signal coverage based on the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters of the designed one or more surface layouts and position of one or more Ku-band horn antennas.
2 . The processor implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more surface layouts corresponds to: (i) concentric surface layouts, (ii) reverse concentric surface layouts, (iii) symmetric surface layouts, and (iv) reverse symmetric surface layouts.
3 . The processor implemented method of claim 2 , wherein the concentric surface layouts and the reverse concentric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a radially variant homogeneous phase gradient, and wherein the symmetric surface layouts and the reverse symmetric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a longitudinally variant homogeneous phase gradient.
4 . The processor implemented method of claim 1 , wherein an angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is incident at a central region of the one or more surface layouts to control an angle of reflection value, wherein the angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is gradually sweeping over the one or more surface layouts, then the angle of reflection remains within a constant range, and wherein the value of the angle of reflection is increased or decreased based on selection of the one or more surface layouts.
5 . The processor implemented method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming source radiation pattern corresponds to a spatial power distribution of at least one Ku-band horn antenna operating at the desired range of frequency, and wherein the incoming source radiation pattern from the at least one Ku-band horn antenna which is in conical shape is reflected to a desired direction in a shape of a sectoral fan-beam pattern.
6 . A system, comprising:
a memory storing a plurality of instructions;
one or more communication interfaces; and
one or more hardware processors coupled to the memory via the one or more communication interfaces, wherein the one or more hardware processors are configured by the instructions to:
receive a Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell as an input, wherein the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell correspond to a reflecting unit cell under subwavelength conditions;
characterize the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell to obtain a unit cell dimension with one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics, wherein the unit cell dimension corresponds to a shape of the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell, and wherein the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics corresponds to a reflecting nature of at least one unit cell element over a desired range of frequency;
identify one or more distinct unit cell elements based on the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics;
generate one or more surface layouts by the one or more distinct unit cell elements;
characterize the one or more surface layouts with respect to an incoming source radiation pattern to identify one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters, wherein the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters corresponds to: (i) an angle of a reflected radiation pattern, or (ii) a beamwidth of the reflected radiation pattern, or (iii) a gain of the reflected radiation pattern, and (iv) combination thereof; and
design a real-time sectoral signal coverage based on the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters of the designed one or more surface layouts and position of one or more Ku-band horn antennas.
7 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more surface layouts corresponds to: (i) concentric surface layouts, (ii) reverse concentric surface layouts, (iii) symmetric surface layouts, and (iv) reverse symmetric surface layouts.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the concentric surface layouts and the reverse concentric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a radially variant homogeneous phase gradient, and wherein the symmetric surface layouts and the reverse symmetric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a longitudinally variant homogeneous phase gradient.
9 . The system of claim 6 , wherein an angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is incident at a central region of the one or more surface layouts to control an angle of reflection value, wherein the angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is gradually sweeping over the one or more surface layouts, then the angle of reflection remains within a constant range, and wherein the value of the angle of reflection is increased or decreased based on selection of the one or more surface layouts.
10 . The system of claim 6 , wherein the incoming source radiation pattern corresponds to a spatial power distribution of at least one Ku-band horn antenna operating at the desired range of frequency, and wherein the incoming source radiation pattern from the at least one Ku-band horn antenna which is in conical shape is reflected to a desired direction in a shape of a sectoral fan-beam pattern.
11 . One or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums comprising one or more instructions which when executed by one or more hardware processors cause:
receiving a Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell as an input, wherein the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell correspond to a reflecting unit cell under subwavelength conditions;
characterizing the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell to obtain a unit cell dimension with one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics, wherein the unit cell dimension corresponds to a shape of the Minkowski-shaped fractal unit cell, and wherein the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics corresponds to a reflecting nature of at least one unit cell element over a desired range of frequency;
identifying one or more distinct unit cell elements based on the one or more independent reflection-phase characteristics;
generating one or more surface layouts by the one or more distinct unit cell elements;
characterizing the one or more surface layouts with respect to an incoming source radiation pattern to identify one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters, wherein the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters corresponds to: (i) an angle of a reflected radiation pattern, or (ii) a beamwidth of the reflected radiation pattern, or (iii) a gain of the reflected radiation pattern, and (iv) combination thereof; and
designing a real-time sectoral signal coverage based on the one or more reflected radiation pattern parameters of the designed one or more surface layouts and position of one or more Ku-band horn antennas.
12 . The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 11 , wherein the one or more surface layouts corresponds to: (i) concentric surface layouts, (ii) reverse concentric surface layouts, (iii) symmetric surface layouts, and (iv) reverse symmetric surface layouts.
13 . The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 12 , wherein the concentric surface layouts and the reverse concentric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a radially variant homogeneous phase gradient, and wherein the symmetric surface layouts and the reverse symmetric surface layouts are designed by distributing the identified one or more distinct unit cell elements to obtain a longitudinally variant homogeneous phase gradient.
14 . The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 11 , wherein an angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is incident at a central region of the one or more surface layouts to control an angle of reflection value, wherein the angle of incidence value of the incoming source radiation pattern is varied which is gradually sweeping over the one or more surface layouts, then the angle of reflection remains within a constant range, and wherein the value of the angle of reflection is increased or decreased based on selection of the one or more surface layouts.
15 . The one or more non-transitory machine-readable information storage mediums of claim 11 , wherein the incoming source radiation pattern corresponds to a spatial power distribution of at least one Ku-band horn antenna operating at the desired range of frequency, and wherein the incoming source radiation pattern from the at least one Ku-band horn antenna which is in conical shape is reflected to a desired direction in a shape of a sectoral fan-beam pattern.