Providing a blood pool direction vector based on measured impedances
A method includes monitoring impedances of the plurality of the functional electrodes relative to a reference electrode while maneuvering a catheter within a cavity of an organ, the catheter comprising (i) a shaft having a distal end, and (ii) an expandable distal-end assembly coupled to the distal end of the shaft and comprising a plurality of functional electrodes. A direction vector is estimated from the monitored impedances, along which the catheter is free to advance within the cavity of the organ without obstruction by the tissue wall. The direction vector is displayed to a user.
1 . A method, comprising: monitoring impedances of each of the plurality of a functional electrodes relative to a reference electrode while maneuvering a catheter within a cavity of an organ, the catheter comprising (i) a shaft having a distal end, (ii) the reference electrode fixed to the distal end of the shaft and (iii) an expandable distal-end assembly coupled to the distal end of the shaft and comprising the plurality of functional electrodes; estimating from the monitored impedances a direction vector along which the catheter is free to advance within the cavity of the organ without obstruction by a tissue wall of the cavity, wherein the estimating comprises, based on a known geometry of the distal-end assembly, converting each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector in a direction of the functional electrode, and summing the weighted vectors over all the functional electrodes, wherein the magnitude and the direction of the direction vector is defined by the summing; and displaying the direction vector to a user.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein estimating the direction vector comprises estimating, from the monitored impedances, a blood pool direction.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein converting each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector in the direction of the functional electrode comprises: identifying a range of impedances for accumulated impedance values; and normalizing each impedance within the range according to the range to be a weight of the respective weighted vector.
4 . The method according to claim 3 , wherein converting each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector comprises calculating a weight by normalizing the impedance with respect to the range to a value between zero and one.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein displaying the direction vector comprises presenting a direction arrow on a virtual representation of the distal-end assembly shown on an electroanatomical (EA) map generated using EA signals from the functional electrodes.
6 . The method according to claim 5 , wherein displaying the direction vector comprises indicating that the direction arrow is aligned with a longitudinal axis icon of the virtual representation of the distal-end assembly.
7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the distal-end assembly is one of a basket assembly and a balloon assembly.
8 . A system, comprising: an interface configured to monitor impedances of a plurality of the functional electrodes relative to a reference electrode while maneuvering a catheter within a cavity of an organ, the catheter comprising (i) a shaft having a distal end, (ii) the reference electrode fixed to the distal end of the shaft and (iii) an expandable distal-end assembly coupled to the distal end of the shaft and comprising the plurality of functional electrodes; and a processor, which is configured to: estimate from the monitored impedances a direction vector along which the catheter is free to advance within the cavity of the organ without obstruction by a tissue wall of the cavity, wherein the processor is configured to estimate the blood pool direction vector by, based on a known geometry of the distal-end assembly, converting each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector in a direction of the functional electrode, and summing the weighted vectors over all the functional electrodes, wherein the magnitude and the direction of the direction vector is defined by the summing; and display the direction vector to a user.
9 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to estimate the direction vector by estimating, from the monitored impedances, a blood pool direction.
10 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to convert each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector in the direction of the functional electrode by: identifying a range of impedances for accumulated impedance values; and normalizing each impedance within the range according to the range to be a weight of the respective weighted vector.
11 . The system according to claim 10 , wherein the processor is configured to convert each impedance of a functional electrode into a weighted vector by calculating a weight by normalizing the impedance with respect to the range to a value between zero and one.
12 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the processor is configured to display the direction vector by presenting a direction arrow on a virtual representation of the distal-end assembly shown on an EA map generated using EA signals from the functional electrodes.
13 . The system according to claim 12 , wherein the processor is configured to display the direction vector by indicating that the direction arrow is aligned with a longitudinal axis icon of the virtual representation of the distal-end assembly.
14 . The system according to claim 8 , wherein the distal-end assembly is one of a basket assembly and a balloon assembly.