Systems and methods for detecting drug based impairment
Various embodiments provide systems and methods for identifying impairment using measurement devices and trained models, and/or for indicating interference with impairment testing. Embodiments discussed herein provide systems, methods, and/or devices that enable remote impairment testing that does not require a human monitor to be present or physically near the individual being monitored. Such an ability is an improvement.
1 . A system for detecting drug based impairment, the system comprising:
a breath input device;
a breath sensor configured to receive a breath sample of an individual via the breath input device and to provide a sample value corresponding to the breath sample;
one or more processors;
a non-transient computer readable medium coupled to the one or more processors, and having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to:
receive the sample value;
apply a drug impairment model to the sample value to yield a probability that the individual is impaired;
indicate an impairment when the probability exceeds a first threshold; and
indicate no impairment when the probability is less than a second threshold.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the probability is a first probability, the system further comprising:
a camera; and
wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to:
receive an image captured by the camera of the individual blowing into the breath input device;
apply an interference classification model to the image to yield a second probability that the individual is interfering with gas flowing from a mouth of the individual via the breath input device;
indicate an interference when the second probability exceeds a third threshold; and
cause a request to be sent to the individual to modify use of the breath input device when the second probability exceeds a third threshold.
3 . The system of claim 1 , the system further comprising:
a camera; and
wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to:
receive a facial image of the individual captured by the camera; and
perform a facial image based impairment test using the facial image.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sample value is a first sample value, wherein the breath sensor is further configured to provide a second sample value corresponding to the breath sample, and wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform a breath alcohol based impairment test using the second sample value.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sample value is a level of a volatile organic compound.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the volatile organic compound is selected from a group consisting of a volatile organic compound indicative of methamphetamine, a volatile organic compound indicative of marijuana, a volatile organic compound indicative of cocaine, and a volatile organic compound indicative of heroin.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to forward the sample value for classification when the probability is both less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to cause a request to be sent to the individual to perform an additional impairment test.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the additional impairment test is selected from a group consisting of: a voice based impairment test, and a movement based impairment test.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the sample value is a first sample value, wherein the breath sensor is further configured to provide a second sample value corresponding to the breath sample, and wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform a breath alcohol based impairment test using the second sample value.
11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform an additional impairment test when the probability is both less than the first threshold and greater than the second threshold, wherein the additional impairment test is selected from a group consisting of: a voice based impairment test, a movement based impairment test, a facial image based impairment test, and a breath alcohol based impairment test.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the non-transient computer readable medium further having stored therein instructions which when executed by the one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to report the impairment to a recipient device apart from the one or more processors.
13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the drug impairment model is a machine learning model trained using breath samples that have each been classified as exhibiting a volatile organic compound corresponding a controlled substance.
14 . A method for detecting use of a controlled substance, the method comprising:
processing, by a breath sensor, a breath sample received from an individual;
providing, by the breath sensor, a sample value corresponding to the breath sample;
applying, by a processor, a drug impairment model to the sample value to yield a probability that the individual is impaired;
indicating, by the processor, a usage when the probability exceeds a first threshold; and
indicating, by the processor, no usage when the probability is less than a second threshold.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the probability is a first probability, the method further comprising:
receiving, by the processor, an image captured by a camera of the individual blowing into a breath input device;
applying, by the processor, an interference classification model to the image to yield a second probability that the individual is interfering with gas flowing from a mouth of the individual via the breath input device;
indicating, by the processor, an interference when the second probability exceeds a third threshold; and
causing, by the processor, a request to be sent to the individual to modify use of the breath input device when the second probability exceeds a third threshold.
16 . The method of claim 14 , wherein the sample value is a level of a volatile organic compound.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the volatile organic compound is selected from a group consisting of: a volatile organic compound indicative of methamphetamine, a volatile organic compound indicative of marijuana, a volatile organic compound indicative of cocaine, and a volatile organic compound indicative of heroin.
18 . The method of claim 14 , the method further comprising: causing, by the processor, a request to be sent to the individual to perform an additional impairment test.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the additional impairment test is selected from a group consisting of: a voice based impairment test, and a movement based impairment test.
20 . A non-transient computer readable medium having stored therein instructions, which when executed by a hardware processing system cause the hardware processing system to:
receive a sample value, wherein the sample value is generated by a breath sensor based upon a breath sample received from an individual via a breath input device;
apply a drug impairment model to the sample value to yield a probability that the individual is impaired;
indicate an impairment when the probability exceeds a first threshold; and
indicate no impairment when the probability is less than a second threshold.