System and method for measuring total blood volume with ultrasound
Apparatuses and methods for measuring total blood volume with ultrasound are disclosed. In one embodiment, a system for monitoring a blood volume of a patient includes an ultrasound transmitter configured for emitting an ultrasound toward a target blood vessel of the patient; and an ultrasound receiver configured for receiving the ultrasound reflected from the target blood vessel of the patient. The system also includes, a controller configured for: determining an expanded state of the blood vessel based on the ultrasound reflected from the target blood vessel; determining a collapsed stated of the blood vessel based on the ultrasound reflected from the target blood vessel; and determining the blood volume of the patient based on the ratio of the collapsed stated and the expanded stated of the blood vessel.
1 . A system for monitoring a blood volume of a patient, the system comprising:
an ultrasound transmitter configured for emitting an ultrasound toward a target blood vessel of the patient;
an ultrasound receiver configured for receiving the ultrasound reflected from the target blood vessel of the patient; and
a controller configured for:
obtaining a 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset of the target blood vessel, wherein dimensions of the 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset are a two-dimensional image plane comprising a depth dimension and a lateral location dimension, time, a tilt angle, and a rotation angle;
determining an expanded state of the target blood vessel based on the 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset of the target blood vessel and a machine learning algorithm without determining a 3D shape representing a volume of the target blood vessel;
determining a collapsed state of the target blood vessel based on the 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset of the target blood vessel and the machine learning algorithm without determining the 3D shape representing the volume of the target blood vessel;
determining a ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel; and
determining the blood volume of the patient based on the ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the determining the expanded state of the blood vessel is synchronized with an expiration cycle of patient's breathing, and the determining of the collapsed state of the blood vessel is synchronized with an inspiration cycle of the patient's breathing.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured for determining whether the patient requires a blood transfusion.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the machine learning algorithm classifies different segments of a population to determine whether the ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel is below a predetermined threshold for a particular segment of the population.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the blood vessel is an inferior vena cava (IVC).
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound is transmitted toward the target blood vessel in a plurality of rotational planes and tilt planes.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasound transmitter is a phased array ultrasound transmitter.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured for extracting 2D image slices from the 5D M-mode images.
9 . A method for monitoring a blood volume of a patient, the method comprising:
emitting an ultrasound toward a target blood vessel of the patient by an ultrasound transmitter;
receiving the ultrasound reflected from the target blood vessel of the patient by an ultrasound receiver;
obtaining a 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset of the target blood vessel, wherein dimensions of the 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset are a two-dimensional image plane comprising a depth dimension and a lateral location dimension, time, the tilt angle, and the rotation angle;
determining an expanded state and a collapsed state of the blood vessel based on the 5D M-mode ultrasound dataset of the target blood vessel and a machine learning algorithm without determining the 3D shape representing a volume of the target blood vessel;
determining a ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel; and
determining the blood volume of the patient based on the ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the target blood vessel.
10 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising:
synchronizing the determining the expanded state of the blood vessel with an expiration cycle of patient's breathing, and
synchronizing the determining of the collapsed state of the blood vessel with an inspiration cycle of the patient's breathing.
11 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining whether the patient requires a blood transfusion based on the ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel being below a predetermined threshold.
12 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the blood vessel is an inferior vena cava (IVC).
13 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the machine learning algorithm classifies different segments of a population to determine whether the ratio of the collapsed state and the expanded state of the blood vessel is below a predetermined threshold for a particular segment of the population.
14 . The method of claim 9 , wherein the ultrasound is transmitted toward the target blood vessel in a plurality of rotational planes and tilt planes by the ultrasound transmitter that is a phased array ultrasound transmitter.
15 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising extracting 2D image slices from the 5D M-mode images.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the 2D image slices are extracted along a time axis of the 5D M-mode images.
17 . The method of claim 16 , wherein generating the 5D M-mode image of the blood vessel comprises extracting 2D image slices at multiple locations in the lateral direction of the 5D M-mode image.
18 . The method of claim 9 , further comprising scanning the depth dimension, the lateral location dimension, the tilt, the rotation, and time.