Downstream variable thickness energy selection system for charged particle therapy

1 . An energy selection system for use in a charged particle therapy system, comprising:

a variable thickness absorber configured to be housed within a nozzle of the charged particle therapy system and operable to adjust its thickness along a beam axis of the charged particle therapy system in order to change an energy of an ion beam passing through the variable thickness absorber;

wherein the variable thickness absorber is configured to be housed within the nozzle downstream a dose monitor and a spot position monitor; and

wherein the variable thickness absorber is configured to be housed within the nozzle upstream a ridge filter.

2 . The energy selection system of claim 1 , wherein the variable thickness absorber is composed of a plurality of solid plates that are operable to move into and out of a beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle.

3 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of solid plates is composed of a same material.

4 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein different ones of the plurality of solid plates are composed of different materials.

5 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein each of the plurality of solid plates has a same thickness.

6 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein different ones of the plurality of solid plates have different thicknesses.

7 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of solid plates are composed of a plastic.

8 . The energy selection system of claim 7 , wherein the plastic comprises one of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polycarbonate, polyethylene, or polystyrene.

9 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of solid plates are composed of a metal.

10 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of solid plates are composed of a carbon-containing material.

11 . The energy selection system of claim 10 , wherein the carbon-containing material comprises one of graphite or boron carbide.

12 . The energy selection system of claim 2 , further comprising an actuator that is configured to selectively move the plurality of solid plates into and out of the beam path of the ion beam in order to vary the thickness of the variable thickness absorber.

13 . The energy selection system of claim 12 , wherein the actuator comprises a pneumatic actuator.

14 . The energy selection system of claim 1 , wherein the variable thickness absorber comprises:

an enclosure configured to be positioned within a beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle;

a reservoir configured to be positioned outside the beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle; and

wherein the enclosure and the reservoir are fluidically coupled to define a closed fluid dynamic system that is filled with a liquid absorber.

15 . The energy selection system of claim 14 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing lithium heteropolytungstate (LST).

16 . The energy selection system of claim 14 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing glycerol.

17 . The energy selection system of claim 14 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a liquid metal.

18 . The energy selection system of claim 17 , wherein the liquid metal is one of mercury or a gallium-based alloy.

19 . The energy selection system of claim 14 , further comprising a pump that is operable to move the liquid absorber between the enclosure and the reservoir in order to change a volume of the liquid absorber in the enclosure, thereby varying the thickness of the variable thickness absorber.

20 . The energy selection system of claim 1 , wherein the variable thickness absorber is sized to have a maximum dimension along the beam axis less than 30 centimeters.

21 . The energy selection system of claim 1 , wherein the variable thickness absorber is configured to be housed within the nozzle with the dose monitor and/or spot position monitor and/or ridge filter is integrated into the energy selection system.

22 . An energy selection system for use in a charged particle therapy system, comprising:

a variable thickness absorber configured to be housed within a nozzle of the charged particle therapy system and operable to adjust its thickness along a beam axis of the charged particle therapy system in order to change an energy of an ion beam passing through the variable thickness absorber;

wherein the variable thickness absorber comprises:

an enclosure configured to be positioned within a beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle;

a reservoir configured to be positioned outside the beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle; and

wherein the enclosure and the reservoir are fluidically coupled to define a closed fluid dynamic system that is filled with a liquid absorber; and

wherein a lateral dimension of the enclosure is operable to dynamically change a lateral size of the variable thickness absorber.

23 . The energy selection system of claim 22 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing lithium heteropolytungstate (LST).

24 . The energy selection system of claim 22 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing glycerol.

25 . The energy selection system of claim 22 , wherein the liquid absorber comprises a liquid metal.

26 . The energy selection system of claim 25 , wherein the liquid metal is one of mercury or a gallium-based alloy.

27 . The energy selection system of claim 22 , further comprising a pump that is operable to move the liquid absorber between the enclosure and the reservoir in order to change a volume of the liquid absorber in the enclosure, thereby varying the thickness of the variable thickness absorber.

28 . An energy selection system for use in a charged particle therapy system, comprising:

a variable thickness absorber configured to be housed within a nozzle of the charged particle therapy system and operable to adjust its thickness along a beam axis of the charged particle therapy system in order to change an energy of an ion beam passing through the variable thickness absorber;

wherein the variable thickness absorber comprises:

an enclosure configured to be positioned within a beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle;

a reservoir configured to be positioned outside the beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle; and

wherein the enclosure and the reservoir are fluidically coupled to define a closed fluid dynamic system that is filled with a liquid absorber; and

wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing lithium heteropolytungstate (LST).

29 . An energy selection system for use in a charged particle therapy system, comprising:

a variable thickness absorber configured to be housed within a nozzle of the charged particle therapy system and operable to adjust its thickness along a beam axis of the charged particle therapy system in order to change an energy of an ion beam passing through the variable thickness absorber;

wherein the variable thickness absorber comprises:

an enclosure configured to be positioned within a beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle;

a reservoir configured to be positioned outside the beam path of the ion beam as the ion beam passes through the nozzle; and

wherein the enclosure and the reservoir are fluidically coupled to define a closed fluid dynamic system that is filled with a liquid absorber; and

wherein the liquid absorber comprises a solution containing glycerol.