Methods and systems for negative ion-based and radiation-based pollution reduction
Provided are purification systems and methods of using such systems for purifying various environments, such as indoor air, outdoor air, vehicle emissions, and industrial emissions. A purification system comprises an ionizing purifier having a substrate and an active coating. The active coating comprises a pyroelectric and/or piezoelectric material as well as a radioactive material. During the operation, an incoming stream is directed toward the active coating while controlling the average pressure exerted on the active coating. This contact between the incoming stream and the active coating generates negative ions from components of the incoming stream via the change in temperature and pressure/force/vibration, etc. The negative ions then interact with pollutants, transforming them into safe, purified materials of the outgoing stream. Unlike the pollutants in the incoming stream, the purified materials are non-harmful, and/or can be easily removed from the outgoing stream, e.g., by filtering and/or other separation techniques.
1 . A method of purifying an incoming stream using a purification system to form an outgoing stream, the method comprising:
flowing the incoming stream into an ionizing purifier of the purification system, wherein:
the incoming stream comprises one or more pollutants, and
the ionizing purifier comprises a substrate and an active coating, disposed on the substrate and comprising a base material, which is a pyroelectric and/or a piezoelectric and a radioactive material selected from the group consisting of samarium, potassium-40, radium, thorium, and uranium;
directing the incoming stream toward the active coating while controlling an average pressure that the incoming stream exerts on the active coating, wherein:
the incoming stream generates negative ions from one or more components of the incoming stream upon contacting the active coating while the radioactive material in the active coating emits alpha and beta particles, and
the negative ions and electrons interact with the one or more pollutants forming purified materials of the outgoing stream; and
guiding the outgoing stream, comprising the purified materials, from the ionizing purifier.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the radioactive material in the active coating is between 5% and 20% by weight.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the incoming stream toward the active coating is performed while performing one or more of controlling temperature of the incoming stream before contacting the active coating and controlling temperature of the active coating.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein controlling the temperature of the active coating comprises controlling a flow rate of the incoming stream that flows into the ionizing purifier.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the incoming stream toward the active coating is performed while controlling a contact angle between the incoming stream and the active coating.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the active coating is enclosed within the ionizing purifier, blocking environmental light when the incoming stream generates the negative ions from the one or more components of the incoming stream.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the incoming stream toward the active coating is performed through a set of concentric structures, at least one of which is operable as the substrate for the active coating.
8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein directing the incoming stream to the active coating is performed using a fan, operable as a flow speed controller, and wherein the controlling the average pressure that the incoming stream exerts on the active coating comprises controlling a rotational speed of the fan.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the incoming stream, flown into the ionizing purifier, comprises water and creates a dipole moment that splits carbon dioxide in the one or more pollutants.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising separating the purified materials from the outgoing stream.
11 . A purification system for purifying an incoming stream, the purification system comprising:
an ionizing purifier, comprising a substrate and an active coating, disposed on the substrate and comprising a base material, which is a pyroelectric and/or a piezoelectric, and a radioactive material selected from the group consisting of samarium, potassium-40, radium, thorium, and uranium,
wherein the purification system is configured to direct the incoming stream toward the active coating while controlling an average pressure that the incoming stream exerts on the active coating.
12 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the base material comprises one of aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphate, barium titanate, bismuth titanate, gallium nitride, gallium phosphate, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, lithium tetraborate, quartz, tourmaline, triglycine sulfate, and zinc oxide.
13 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the base material at least two different ones of aluminum nitride, aluminum phosphate, barium titanate, bismuth titanate, gallium nitride, gallium phosphate, lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, lithium tetraborate, quartz, tourmaline, triglycine sulfate, and zinc oxide.
14 . The purification system of claim 11 , further comprising a temperature controller, configured to control temperature of the incoming stream before the incoming stream contacts the active coating.
15 . The purification system of claim 11 , further comprising a temperature controller, thermally coupled to the active coating and configured to control temperature of the active coating.
16 . The purification system of claim 11 , further comprising a flow guide, configured to control a contact angle between the incoming stream and the active coating.
17 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the substrate, supporting the active coating, is selected from the group consisting of a fan blade, a filter surface, an enclosure surface, ionizer electrodes, smokestack interior walls, scrubber components, and electrostatic precipitator components.
18 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the active coating is a continuous coating, isolating the substrate, under the active coating, from environment.
19 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the active coating comprises a plurality of disjoined particles, positioned on a surface of the substrate.
20 . The purification system of claim 11 , wherein the substrate is porous, and wherein the active coating comprises a plurality of disjoined particles, disposed within the substrate and away from a surface of the substrate.