System and method for manufacture of undercooled metallic core-shell particles
A system and method are presented for producing metallic core-shell particles. The system includes the housing having a hollow interior configured to receive and hold a molten metal input, a carrier fluid, and one or more reagents. The system also includes a shearing assembly positioned within the hollow interior of the housing. The shearing assembly is configured to, when the molten metal input, carrier fluid, and one or more reagents are held within hollow interior and sealed within housing, shear the molten metal input into particles of an effective size so that a shell created on a surface of the particles via reaction with the one or more reagents prevents a core of the particles from solidifying when the particles are cooled to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input.
1 . A method, comprising:
providing a housing having a hollow interior and having a shearing assembly positioned within the hollow interior of the housing, the housing having one or more input openings and one or more output openings;
transferring material inputs into the housing through the one or more input openings, the material inputs including a molten metal input, a carrier fluid, and one or more reagents in the hollow interior of the housing;
moving the molten metal input through the housing from the one or more input openings toward the one or more output openings;
as the molten metal input is moved through the housing, performing a process to form metallic core shell particles from the molten metal input, the process including shearing the molten metal input into particles, and forming a shell on a surface of the particles via reaction with the one or more reagents, thereby forming the metallic core shell particles;
wherein the shell on the surface of the particles prevents a core of the particles from solidifying when the particles are cooled to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input, thereby forming undercooled metallic core shell particles.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the process is a continuous flow process.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein transferring the material inputs into the housing through the one or more input openings includes intermittently transferring at least one of the material inputs through the one or more input openings at an effective rate to maintain the continuous flow process.
4 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising transferring the metallic core shell particles out of the housing through the one or more output openings.
5 . The method of claim 4 , wherein transferring the metallic core shell particles out of the housing through the one or more output openings includes transferring a used portion of the carrier fluid and a used portion of the one or more reagents out of the housing through the one or more output openings.
6 . The method of claim 5 , further comprising separating the metallic core shell particles from the used portion of the carrier fluid and the used portion of the one or more reagents.
7 . The method of claim 4 , wherein transferring the metallic core shell particles out of the housing through the one or more output openings includes:
sorting, using centripetal force, the metallic core shell particles; and
outputting metallic core shell particles having an effective size from the housing.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the metallic core shell particles to produce the undercooled metallic core shell particles.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the metallic core shell particles to produce the undercooled metallic core shell particles having cores in an amorphous metal state.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a temperature of the hollow interior of the housing using a temperature control assembly.
11 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling a pressure within the hollow interior of the housing using a pressure control assembly.
12 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising using a flow control assembly to control a rate that the material inputs flow through the housing.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein shearing the molten metal input into particles includes:
rotating one or more impellers, positioned within the hollow interior of the housing, in a first direction; and
rotating one or more stators, positioned within the hollow interior of the housing, in a second direction opposite the first direction.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein shearing the molten metal input into particles is performed using a shearing assembly including:
one or more impellers connected to a shaft and positioned within the hollow interior of the housing; and
a stator positioned within the hollow interior of the housing.
15 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising cooling the particles to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input to form the metallic core shell particles.
16 . A system, comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior, one or more input openings, and one or more output openings, the hollow interior configured to receive material inputs through the one or more input openings, the material inputs including a molten metal input, a carrier fluid, and one or more reagents, and the hollow interior configured to facilitate movement of the molten metal input through the housing from the one or more input openings toward the one or more output openings;
a shearing assembly positioned within the hollow interior of the housing, the shearing assembly configured to, as the molten metal input is moved through the housing, shear the molten metal input into particles, wherein the one or more reagents are configured to form a shell on a surface of the particles via reaction between the one or more reagents and the molten metal input, as the molten metal input is moved through the housing, thereby forming metallic core shell particles, and wherein the shell prevents a core of the particles from solidifying when the particles are cooled to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input; and
a process control system configured to:
monitor a status of one or more environmental conditions within the hollow interior of the housing; and
adjust operation of one or more components of the system based on the monitored status of the one or more environmental conditions to maintain at least the one or more environmental conditions within a predetermined range to facilitate production of the metallic core shell particles.
17 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the process control system is further configured to control operation of the one or more components of the system to facilitate the production of the metallic core shell particles as a continuous flow process.
18 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the process control system is further configured to control, using a temperature control assembly, a temperature of the hollow interior of the housing.
19 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the process control system is further configured to control, using a pressure control assembly, a pressure within the hollow interior of the housing.
20 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the process control system is further configured to control, using a flow control assembly, a rate that the input material flows through the housing.
21 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the shearing assembly includes:
a shaft positioned within the hollow interior of the housing;
one or more impellers connected to the shaft; and
one or more stators positioned within the hollow interior of the housing,
wherein, when the shaft and the one or more impellers are rotated, the molten metal input is sheared by the one or more impellers.
22 . The system of claim 16 , wherein the shearing assembly includes:
one or more impellers positioned within the hollow interior of the housing; and
one or more stators positioned within the hollow interior of the housing;
wherein:
the shearing assembly is configured to rotate the one or more impellers in a first direction and rotate the one or more stators in a second direction that is opposite of the first direction; and
when the one or more impellers and the one or more stators are rotated, the molten metal input is sheared by the one or more impellers.
23 . The system of claim 16 , further comprising:
a first tank configured to hold and heat the molten metal input and the carrier fluid before transferring the molten metal input and the carrier fluid into the hollow interior of the housing;
a second tank configured to hold the one or more reagents before transferring the one or more reagents into the hollow interior of the housing; and
a transfer mechanism connected to the first tank, the second tank, and the housing, the transfer mechanism configured to transfer contents of the first tank and the second tank to the housing.
24 . A continuous flow system, comprising:
a housing having a hollow interior;
a first tank configured to hold and heat molten metal input and carrier fluid before transferring the molten metal input and the carrier fluid into the hollow interior of the housing;
a second tank configured to hold one or more reagents before transferring the one or more reagents into the hollow interior of the housing;
a transfer mechanism connected to the housing, the first tank, and the second tank, the transfer mechanism configured to transfer the molten metal input and the carrier fluid from the first tank into the housing, and the one or more reagents from the second tank into the housing;
a shearing assembly positioned within the hollow interior of the housing, the shearing assembly configured to, when the molten metal input, the carrier fluid, and the one or more reagents are held within the hollow interior, shear the molten metal input into particles of an effective size so that a shell created on a surface of the particles via reaction with the one or more reagents prevents a core of the particles from solidifying when the particles are cooled to a temperature below a freezing temperature of the molten metal input, thereby producing undercooled metallic core shell particles; and
a process control system configured to control operation of the transfer mechanism and the shearing assembly to facilitate production of the undercooled metallic core shell particles as a continuous flow process.