Occupant support structure with dynamically responsive support member
An occupant support structure of a vehicle defines an occupant support surface configured to contact and support an occupant of the vehicle and includes a dynamically responsive support member positioned adjacent the occupant support surface such that forces exerted on the occupant support surface are transferred to the support member. The support member includes a bladder and a support body encapsulated in an interior chamber defined by the bladder. The support body is made of a resilient compressible material having interconnected open pores. The bladder includes an aperture that provides a passage for fluid communication between the interior chamber thereof and an ambient environment. The aperture in the bladder is configured to passively control and limit the rate of fluid release from the bladder in response to a pressure differential between the fluid in the interior chamber of the bladder and that in the ambient environment.
1 . A vehicle comprising:
a vehicle body defining a cabin; and
an occupant support structure disposed within the cabin and defining an occupant support surface configured to contact and support an occupant of the vehicle, the occupant support structure comprising a dynamically responsive support member positioned adjacent the occupant support surface such that forces exerted on the occupant support surface are transferred to the support member,
wherein the support member comprises:
a support body made of a resilient compressible material having interconnected open pores, and
a bladder defining an interior chamber and encapsulating the support body in the interior chamber, the bladder comprising at least one aperture configured to allow fluid transfer between the interior chamber of the bladder and an ambient environment,
wherein the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to passively control and limit a rate of fluid release from the bladder in response to a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment such that a positive correlation exists between a load applied to the support member, the pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment, and a compression resistance of the support member.
2 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein, when a first load is applied to the bladder, the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to allow substantially uninhibited fluid release from the bladder such that a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment is minimized, and, when a second load greater than the first load is applied to the bladder, the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to function as a bottleneck that limits fluid release from the bladder such that a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment is maximized.
3 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein, when the pressure in the interior chamber of the bladder is substantially equal to the pressure of the ambient environment, the support member has a first compression resistance and, when the pressure in the interior chamber of the bladder is greater than the pressure of the ambient environment, the support member has a second compression resistance greater than the first compression resistance.
4 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the support body is made of open cell foam, and wherein the support body has a compression stress/strain characteristic of greater than or equal to 3 kilopascals and less than or equal to 12 kilopascals.
5 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aperture comprises a valve coupled to the bladder, and wherein the valve is configured to transition from a closed position to an open position in response to a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment.
6 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aperture comprises (i) an opening in the bladder with a fixed size and shape that does not change in response to a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment, and/or (ii) a discontinuity in the bladder with a variable size and/or shape that is configured to transition from a closed position to an open position in response to a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment.
7 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the support body has a three-dimensional shape, and wherein the bladder substantially conforms to the three-dimensional shape of the support body.
8 . The vehicle of claim 7 , wherein the support member is configured to control or restrain movement of an occupant in response to multidirectional loads applied to the occupant support surface of the occupant support structure by the occupant.
9 . The vehicle of claim 1 , further comprising a vehicle seat, and wherein the occupant support structure is a seat bottom cushion, a seat back cushion, or a head rest of the vehicle seat.
10 . The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the occupant support structure further comprises a cover and a padding disposed between the cover and the support member, wherein the cover defines the occupant support surface.
11 . A vehicle seat comprising:
an occupant support structure defining an occupant support surface configured to contact and support an occupant, the occupant support structure comprising:
a dynamically responsive support member positioned adjacent the occupant support surface such that forces exerted on the occupant support surface are transferred to the support member,
a padding extending over the support member, and
a cover defining the occupant support surface and extending over the padding and the support member such that the padding is disposed between the support member and the cover,
wherein the support member comprises:
a support body made of a resilient compressible material having interconnected open pores configured to contain a fluid, and
a bladder defining an interior chamber and encapsulating the support body in the interior chamber, the bladder comprising at least one aperture configured to allow fluid transfer between the interior chamber of the bladder and an ambient environment,
wherein the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to passively control and limit a rate of fluid release from the bladder in response to a pressure differential between the interior chamber of the bladder and the ambient environment, and
wherein, when the pressure of the interior chamber of the bladder is substantially equal to the pressure of the ambient environment, the support member has a first compression resistance and, when the pressure of the interior chamber of the bladder is greater than the pressure of the ambient environment, the support member has a second compression resistance greater than the first compression resistance.
12 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein, when a first load is applied to the bladder, the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to allow substantially uninhibited fluid release from the bladder such that a pressure differential between the fluid in the interior chamber of the bladder and in the ambient environment is minimized, and, when a second load greater than the first load is applied to the bladder, the at least one aperture in the bladder is configured to function as a bottleneck that limits fluid release from the bladder such that a pressure differential between the fluid in the interior chamber of the bladder and in the ambient environment is maximized.
13 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the support body has a three-dimensional shape, the bladder substantially conforms to the three-dimensional shape of the support body, and wherein the support member is configured to control or restrain movement of an occupant in response to multidirectional loads applied to the occupant support surface of the occupant support structure by the occupant.
14 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the occupant support structure is a seat bottom cushion and the support member is configured such that, in response to an applied load, the support member functions as an anti-submarining device and restrains movement of a pelvis of an occupant of the vehicle seat.
15 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the occupant support structure is a seat back cushion and the support member is configured such that, in response to an applied load, the support member functions to restrain movement of the shoulders of an occupant of the vehicle seat.
16 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the occupant support structure is a head rest and the support member is configured such that, in response to an applied load, the support member functions to restrain movement of a head of an occupant of the vehicle seat.
17 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the support body comprises an open cell foam comprising polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, or a combination thereof, and wherein the bladder comprises a substantially fluid-impermeable thermoplastic polyurethane material.
18 . The vehicle seat of claim 11 , wherein the cover comprises leather, cotton, polyester, vinyl, or a combination thereof, and wherein the padding comprises polyurethane foam.