Superconducting magnetohydrodynamic drive
A magnetohydrodynamic propulsion device (MHD), having a superconducting magnet, a cryogenic refrigeration system adapted to cool the superconducting magnet, a vacuum cryostat surrounding the superconducting magnet, an electrode pair, and a housing adapted to mount the MHD to a vessel, wherein the superconducting magnet and the electrode pair are adapted to receive electrical power and generate a magnetic field, an electric field, and an electrode current density to produce thrust in an electrically conducting medium in contact with the MHD.
1 . A magnetohydrodynamic propulsion device (MHD), comprising:
a superconducting magnet,
a cryogenic refrigeration system adapted to cool the superconducting magnet,
a vacuum cryostat surrounding the superconducting magnet,
an electrode pair, and
a housing adapted to mount the MHD to a vessel,
wherein the superconducting magnet and the electrode pair are adapted to receive electrical power and generate a magnetic field, an electric field, and an electrode current density to produce thrust in an electrically conducting medium in contact with the MHD.
2 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the housing comprises at least one of an axial duct, a radial duct, and a ductless configuration.
3 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein housing is at least one of an inline unit internal to the vessel, an inline unit external to the vessel, and an external unit in at least one pod.
4 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting magnet is at least one of a racetrack dipole magnet, canted cosine theta dipole magnet, saddle dipole magnetic, overpass/underpass dipole magnet, common coil dipole magnet, and segmented toroid magnet.
5 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting magnet is at least one of an HTS magnet and an LTS magnet.
6 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the superconducting magnet is adapted to receive at least one of DC electrical power and AC electrical power.
7 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the electrode pair is adapted to receive at least one of DC electrical power and AC electrical power.
8 . The MHD of claim 1 , wherein the cryogenic refrigeration system is at least one of an active cryogenic refrigerator, and passive cryogenic system with thermal energy storage.
9 . The MHD of claim 1 , further comprising at least one of a persistent mode switch, semi-persistent mode switch, and intelligent current lead.
10 . The MHD of claim 1 , further comprising a magnetic permeable material adapted to shape the magnetic field and reduce a magnetic signature of the MHD.
11 . A method of generating a thrust in an electrically conductive medium, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion device (MHD), comprising:
a superconducting magnet,
a cryogenic refrigeration system adapted to cool the superconducting magnet,
a vacuum cryostat surrounding the superconducting magnet,
an electrode pair, and
a housing adapted to mount the MHD to a vessel, and
immersing the MHD in the electrically conductive medium,
wherein the superconducting magnet and the electrode pair are adapted to receive electrical power and generate a magnetic field, an electric field, and an electrode current density to produce the thrust in the electrically conducting medium.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the electrically conductive medium is sea water.
13 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the housing is disposed inside the vessel.
14 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the housing is attached externally to a hull of the vessel.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the thrust can be reversed by reversing a polarity of the electrical power.
16 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the thrust can be reversed by rotating by 180° one of the superconducting magnet or a magnet associated with the electrode pair.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a direction of the thrust is maintained by simultaneously switching a polarity of both the electrode pair and the superconducting magnet.
18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein a magnitude of the thrust is varied by adjusting at least one of (a) a current applied to the superconducting magnet, (b) a voltage applied across the electrode pair, and (c) a rotation of only one of the superconducting magnet or the electrode pair relative to each other.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein an active cryogenic refrigeration system is used during normal operations and a passive cryogenic refrigeration system is used during stealth operations.
20 . A method of generating a thrust in an electrically conductive medium, the method comprising the steps of:
providing a magnetohydrodynamic propulsion device (MHD), comprising:
a superconducting magnet,
a cryogenic refrigeration system adapted to cool the superconducting magnet,
a vacuum cryostat surrounding the superconducting magnet,
an electrode pair, and
a housing adapted to mount the MHD to a vessel,
immersing the MHD in the electrically conductive medium,
wherein the superconducting magnet and the electrode pair are adapted to receive electrical power and generate a magnetic field, an electric field, and an electrode current density to produce a first portion of the thrust in the electrically conducting medium, and
providing an impeller adapted to produce a second portion of the thrust.