Prognostic health monitor for aircraft-based analog angle of attack (AoA) sensors
A device or system for prognostic health monitoring (PHM) of aircraft-based analog angle of attack (AoA) sensors includes a data coordinator for sampling AoA data collected by one or more AoA sensors. The data coordinator concurrently samples sensor health data from a suite of monitoring sensors within each AoA sensor (e.g., orientation, voltage, current, temperature). Based on the analog AoA data and sensor health data, the data coordinator determines a sensor responsiveness factor (RF) for each reporting analog AoA sensor. Current RF data is compared to historical RF data to determine a trending responsiveness factor for each analog AoA sensor. If the responsiveness factor for any AoA sensor trends beyond a threshold level, the data coordinator generates an alert for preventive maintenance personal on the ground, the alert indicative of one or more specific fault conditions in that AoA sensor depending on the responsiveness threshold breached.
1 . A prognostic health monitoring (PHM) system for aircraft-based analog angle of attack (AoA) sensors, the system comprising:
at least one prognostic health monitoring (PHM) coordinator, the PHM coordinator including:
at least one first communications interface configured for connecting the PHM coordinator to at least one of an aircraft-based analog AoA sensor, and an aircraft-based monitoring sensor;
a memory configured for storage of historical data including at least one prior responsiveness factor (RF) associated with each analog AoA sensor,
wherein the at least one prior RF is associated with each analog AoA sensor with respect to a current flight, specific segments of the current flight, and an operational life of the AoA sensor;
at least one second communications interface configured for connecting the PHM coordinator to a ground control station;
and
at least one processor configured in real time during the current flight to:
sample analog AoA data sensed by each analog AoA sensor;
sample sensor health data sensed by the at least one monitoring sensor;
determine, based on the analog AoA data and the sensor health data, a current responsiveness factor (RF) associated with each analog AoA sensor;
determine, based on the current RF and at least one prior RF associated with each analog AoA sensor, a responsiveness trend associated with the analog AoA sensor;
when the responsiveness trend deviates beyond at least one responsiveness threshold, generate an alert indicative of a fault condition associated with the analog AoA sensor,
wherein a type of the alert is based on a nature of a deviation of the responsiveness trend;
and
forward the alert to the ground control station via the at least one second communications interface.
2 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein:
the analog AoA sensor is a first analog AoA sensor of a plurality of analog AoA sensors;
and
wherein the alert identifies the first analog AoA sensor associated with the fault condition among the plurality of analog AoA sensors.
3 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein:
the memory is configured for storage of one or more configuration files;
and
wherein the at least one processor is configured to sample one or more of the analog AoA data or the sensor health data at a sampling rate defined by the one or more configuration files.
4 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein, when the responsiveness trend is within the at least one responsiveness threshold, the at least one processor is configured to forward a nominal state of the associated analog AoA sensor to the ground control station.
5 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to generate the alert when the responsiveness trend deviates beyond the at least one responsiveness threshold for at least a threshold duration.
6 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein, when the responsiveness trend deviates above an upper responsiveness threshold, the fault condition is selected from a group including an underdamping fault, a counterweight fault, and a damping failure associated with the analog AoA sensor.
7 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein, when the responsiveness trend deviates below a lower responsiveness threshold, the fault condition is selected from a group including an overdamping fault and a jammed probe associated with the analog AoA sensor.
8 . The PHM system of claim 7 , wherein the fault condition is associated with a heating unit of the analog AoA sensor.
9 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein:
the analog AoA sensor includes at least one heating unit;
and
wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
determine, based on the sensor health data, a current heater health factor (HHF) associated with the at least one heating unit;
determine, based on the current HHF and at least one prior HHF associated with the analog AoA sensor, a heater health trend associated with the at least one heating unit;
and
when the heater health trend deviates beyond at least one heater health threshold, generating an alert indicative of a fault condition associated with the at least one heating unit.
10 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to store each current RF to the historical data associated with the analog AoA sensor.
11 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one monitoring sensor includes one or more of:
an accelerometer;
a voltage sensor;
a current sensor;
or
a temperature sensor.
12 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the PHM coordinator is embodied in an aircraft-based line replaceable unit (LRU).
13 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the PHM coordinator is integrated as at least one of a function or a module configured for execution by an aircraft-based avionics system.
14 . The PHM system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a sensor suite disposed within each analog AoA sensor, each sensor suite including the at least one monitoring sensor;
and
at least one signal conditioning circuit configured to:
receive the sensor health data from the at least one monitoring sensor;
process the sensor health data to remove at least one of noise, dither, vibration, or inconsistency;
and
provide the processed sensor health data to the PHM coordinator via the at least one first communications interface.
15 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to process the analog AoA data to remove at least one of noise, dither, or vibration.
16 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first communications interface includes at least one wireless interface.
17 . The PHM system of claim 16 , wherein the PHM coordinator is embodied in one of:
a cloud-based processing environment;
or
a ground-based device.
18 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein:
the PHM coordinator is connected, via the at least one first communications interface, to at least one aircraft-based air data system;
and
wherein the at least one processor is configured to:
sample aircraft air data from the at least one air data system;
and
determine the current RF associated with each analog AoA sensor, based on the analog AoA data, the sensor health data, and the aircraft air data.
19 . The PHM system of claim 1 , wherein the alert includes one or more of:
a magnitude of the current responsiveness factor;
or
a rate of change of the responsiveness trend.