Endometriosis biomarkers
A method comprising the steps of: (a) assessing an expression level of at least one protein, selected from Table 1, 2 or 3 in a sample from a subject, where in the at least one protein may be selected from the list comprising: Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Apolipoprotein L1, Methanethiol oxidase, Vitamin K-dependent protein S, von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6 and Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, and (b) using the expression level to determine whether the subject has endometriosis.
1 . A method of treating a subject for endometriosis, comprising the steps of:
(a) assessing an expression level of at least one protein, selected from the group consisting of Complement factor H-related protein 2, Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Sex hormone-binding globulin, Corticosteroid-binding globulin, Apolipoprotein L1, Catalase, C4b-binding protein alpha chain, Carbonic anhydrase 2, Superoxide dismutase [Cu—Zn], Peroxiredoxin-1, Annexin A1, Methanethiol oxidase, Bisphosphoglycerate mutase, Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2, C4b-binding protein beta chain, Protein S100-A8, ADAMTS-like protein 2, Vitamin K-dependent protein S, Peroxiredoxin-2, Beta-2-glycoprotein 1, Hepatocyte growth factor activator, Annexin A3, Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, Flavin reductase (NADPH), Fibrillin-1, Annexin A5, Profilin-1, Afamin, von Willebrand factor, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Proteoglycan 4, Hyaluronan-binding protein 2, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6, Coactosin-like protein, Complement component C9, Coagulation factor XII, Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, Heparin cofactor 2, Coagulation factor X, Clusterin, Thrombospondin-1, and Prothrombin, wherein said at least one protein comprises Vitamin K-dependent protein S, in a sample from the subject,
(b) determining that the subject has endometriosis based on the expression level; and
(c) administering to the subject an endometriosis treatment selected from hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, androgenic agents, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) agonists and antagonists, progestin therapy, aromatase inhibitors, and surgery.
2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one protein further comprises one or more proteins selected from the list consisting of: Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Apolipoprotein L1, Methanethiol oxidase, von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6, Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, Beta-2-glycoprotein 1, Afamin, Clusterin, Prothrombin, Hepatocyte growth factor activator, Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, Peroxiredoxin-2, Coagulation factor XII, Complement component C9, Complement factor H related protein 2, Heparin cofactor 2, and C4b binding protein alpha chain.
3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one protein comprises two, three, four or five proteins.
4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one protein further comprises at least two proteins selected from the list consisting of: Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Apolipoprotein L1, Methanethiol oxidase, von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6, Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, Beta-2-glycoprotein 1, Afamin, Clusterin, Prothrombin, Hepatocyte growth factor activator, Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, Peroxiredoxin-2, Coagulation factor XII, Complement component C9, Complement factor H related protein 2, Heparin cofactor 2, and C4b binding protein alpha chain.
5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one protein further comprises at least three proteins selected from the list consisting of: Beta-Ala-His dipeptidase, Apolipoprotein L1, Methanethiol oxidase, von Willebrand factor, Plasminogen, Selenoprotein P, Protein disulfide-isomerase A6, Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H3, L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain, Beta-2-glycoprotein 1, Afamin, Clusterin, Prothrombin, Hepatocyte growth factor activator, Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP, Peroxiredoxin-2, Coagulation factor XII, Complement component C9, Complement factor H related protein 2, Heparin cofactor 2, and C4b binding protein alpha chain.
6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises at least one of spectrometry such as mass spectrometry, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, flow cytometry, ELISA, protein arrays including mass-sensing BioCD protein array, protein micro-arrays, quantum dots based detection, electrochemical immunoassay, gel electrophoresis, 9G DNA technology, nanoparticles including lanthanide chelates such as europium EuNPs and gold nanoparticles, immune-affinity mass spectrometry and immune capture mass spectrometry.
7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein step (a) comprises multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometry.
8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises assessing the expression level of the at least one protein by assessing the amount of a fragment or peptide of the at least one protein.
9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises quantifying the expression level of the at least one protein.
10 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises quantifying the expression level of the at least one protein relative to the expression level of the at least one protein in a subject without endometriosis.
11 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises labelling the at least one protein.
12 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises a biological sample and/or a sub-sample thereof.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the biological sample is a body fluid such as blood, serum, plasma, urine, sweat, tears, saliva, sputum, or any combination or fraction thereof.
14 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the sample comprises blood.
15 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises comparing the expression level from step (a) with a reference value indicative of endometriosis.