Anatomical model and method for surgical training

1 . A surgical training method comprising:

measuring, by one or more processors, performance parameters associated with a plurality of tasks performed by at least one user with a manipulator arm included in a surgical device;

wherein the manipulator arm is moveable to positions controlled by one or more moveable controls separate from the manipulator arm;

wherein the plurality of tasks include contacting the manipulator arm to a plurality of locations of a surgical site;

wherein the plurality of tasks includes selection of one or more ports at the surgical site, the one or more ports configured to receive a surgical instrument of the manipulator arm; and

wherein the performance parameters include positions of the manipulator arm sensed at the contacted plurality of locations of the surgical site;

determining, by the one or more processors, a spatial location of the surgical site in space relative to the surgical device based on the positions of the manipulator arm;

determining locations of the ports using the positions of the manipulator arm sensed at the plurality of locations of the surgical site contacted by the manipulator arm; and

determining, by the one or more processors, an evaluation of the plurality of tasks that is based on the performance parameters and the spatial location of the surgical site, wherein determining the evaluation of the plurality of tasks includes determining an evaluation of the selection of the one or more ports based on the determined locations of the ports and the determined spatial location of the surgical site.

2 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein the surgical site includes an anatomical model, and wherein the plurality of locations of the surgical site are a plurality of locations on the anatomical model.

3 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein:

determining the evaluation includes performing, by the one or more processors, an automatic comparison between the performance parameters and corresponding stored parameters associated with the plurality of tasks;

the evaluation is based on the automatic comparison; and

the corresponding stored parameters are based on a previous performance of the plurality of tasks prior to the performance of the plurality of tasks.

4 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , further comprising generating, using one or more output devices, output feedback based on the evaluation, wherein the one or more output devices are in communication with the one or more processors.

5 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein:

the positions of the manipulator arm are sensed at the contacted plurality of locations of the surgical site by one or more sensors coupled to the manipulator arm; and

measuring the performance parameters includes recording kinematic data sensed by the one or more sensors,

wherein determining the spatial location of the surgical site in space includes determining a three-dimensional location and orientation of the surgical site relative to the surgical device based on the kinematic data.

6 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein:

the manipulator arm includes one or more joints;

the performance parameters comprise one or more parameters based on sensed kinematic information for the manipulator arm; and

the kinematic information comprises position and orientation of a surgical instrument coupled to the manipulator arm based on sensed joint values of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm.

7 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of tasks includes manipulator arm setup, wherein the manipulator arm setup includes placement of the manipulator arm relative to the surgical site.

8 . The surgical training method of claim 1 , wherein:

the surgical site is included in an anatomical model;

the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms; and

the plurality of tasks includes at least one of:

placement of the one or more ports that include a plurality of individual ports into the anatomical model, wherein each one of the individual ports is configured to receive a corresponding surgical instrument connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms, or

docking a plurality of individual surgical instruments, each individual surgical instrument connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms, to corresponding individual ports in the anatomical model.

9 . A surgical system comprising:

a surgical device including a manipulator arm, a memory, and one or more processors configured to access the memory;

wherein the one or more processors are configured to perform operations comprising:

measuring performance parameters associated with a plurality of tasks performed by at least one user with the manipulator arm;

wherein the manipulator arm is moveable to positions controlled by one or more moveable controls separate from the manipulator arm;

wherein the plurality of tasks include contacting the manipulator arm to a plurality of locations of a surgical site;

wherein the plurality of tasks includes selection of one or more ports at the surgical site, the one or more ports configured to receive a surgical instrument of the manipulator arm; and

wherein the performance parameters include positions of the manipulator arm sensed at the contacted plurality of locations of the surgical site, the positions used to determine a location of the surgical site in space relative to the surgical device;

determining, by the one or more processors, a spatial location of the surgical site in space relative to the surgical device based on the positions of the manipulator arm;

determining locations of the ports using the positions of the manipulator arm sensed at the plurality of locations of the surgical site contacted by the manipulator arm; and

determining an evaluation of the plurality of tasks that is based on the performance parameters and the spatial location of the surgical site, wherein an evaluation of the selection of the one or more ports is based on the determined locations of the ports and the determined spatial location of the surgical site.

10 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein:

the manipulator arm includes one or more joints;

the performance parameters comprise one or more parameters based on sensed kinematic information for the manipulator arm; and

the kinematic information comprises position and orientation of a surgical instrument coupled to the manipulator arm based on sensed joint values of the one or more joints of the manipulator arm.

11 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein the surgical site includes an anatomical model, and wherein the plurality of locations of the surgical site are a plurality of locations of the anatomical model.

12 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein the operation of determining the evaluation includes performing an automatic comparison between the performance parameters and corresponding stored parameters associated with the plurality of tasks, wherein the evaluation is based on the automatic comparison.

13 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein:

the positions of the manipulator arm are sensed at the contacted plurality of locations of the surgical site by one or more sensors coupled to the manipulator arm; and

the operation of measuring the performance parameters includes storing, in the memory, kinematic data sensed by the one or more sensors, wherein the kinematic data is used to determine a three-dimensional location and orientation of the surgical site relative to the surgical device.

14 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of tasks includes manipulator arm setup, wherein the manipulator arm setup includes placement of the manipulator arm relative to the surgical site.

15 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein:

the surgical site is included in an anatomical model;

the manipulator arm is one of a plurality of individual manipulator arms;

the plurality of tasks includes placement of the one or more ports that include a plurality of individual ports into the anatomical model; and

each one of the individual ports is configured to receive a corresponding surgical instrument connected to a corresponding one of the individual manipulator arms.

16 . The surgical system of claim 15 , wherein:

the anatomical model comprises a base portion, a top portion coupled to the base portion, a plurality of cannula supports, and a platform removably coupled to the base portion;

the base portion forms a hollow space between the base portion and the top portion;

the top portion comprises a plurality of holes;

each individual cannula support of the plurality of cannula supports is aligned with one or more corresponding individual holes of the plurality of holes;

the platform comprises a plurality of attachment mechanisms;

each individual attachment mechanism of the plurality of attachment mechanisms is at a different location on the platform and is configured to removably attach to a corresponding individual surgical exercise component; and

the placement of the plurality of individual ports comprises placement of one or more cannulas in one or more of the plurality of cannula supports.

17 . The surgical system of claim 9 , wherein the operations further comprise generating, using one or more output devices, output feedback during performance of the plurality of tasks based on the evaluation, wherein the one or more output devices are in communication with the one or more processors.