Designing a personalized composition for counteracting skin malodor

1 . A method for designing a personalized composition for counteracting skin malodor of a subject, comprising the steps of:

collecting a biological sample of the subject for whom the personalized composition for counteracting skin malodor is to be designed, wherein the biological sample is a skin sample;

determining a metabolite composition comprising one or more metabolites, from the biological sample, using one or more analytical techniques including a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), pyrosequencing, Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, microarrays, or Mass spectroscopy;

identifying, via one or more hardware processors, one or more malodorants present in the biological sample based on the one or more metabolites present in the determined metabolite composition, wherein the one or more malodorants is valeric acid, isovaleric acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, thioalcohols, steroid compounds, and/or aldehydes;

identifying via the one or more hardware processors, a subset of pathways using a microbe-malodorant microbial knowledge base, that degrade the one or more identified malodorants;

identifying at least one microbe, via the one or more hardware processors, using the microbe-malodorant microbial knowledge base, that (i) have a metabolic capability to degrade the one or more identified malodorants, (ii) possess a capability of colonizing on the skin of the subject, and (iii) are not pathogenic to the subject, wherein the microbe-malodorant microbial knowledge base is created by:

identifying a plurality of skin metabolites (SM) implicated to be malodorant, from one or more knowledge sources, wherein the one or more knowledge sources are knowledge databases created using a querying technique over an existing literature of the plurality of skin metabolites and their capability as the one or more malodorants, wherein the existing literature includes a patent literature database and a non-patent literature database;

identifying one or more microbial metabolic pathways that have the capability to degrade at least one of the plurality of skin metabolites, using a literature mining technique, to obtain a plurality of metabolic pathways corresponding to the plurality of skin metabolites, wherein each metabolic pathway comprises genes or enzymes, and a series of chemical reactions for degrading the malodorant, wherein a query string is used as an input for metabolite to search against the non-patent literature database or pathway repositories or the patent literature database, wherein a result set obtained from the literature search in the non-patent literature database or the patent literature database provides a list of abstracts corresponding to each journal publication as an output along with a list of organisms;

creating a matrix metabolite map (Mmap) having information pertaining to each of the plurality of skin metabolites, the corresponding metabolic pathways, and a microbe in which the metabolic pathway is experimentally characterized;

generating a bacterial genome map (BGM) for each genome listed in a bacterial genome database, wherein the BGM comprises a list of genes for each genome listed in the bacterial genome database and functional annotations for each gene of the list of genes in a form of constituent protein domains identified in each gene, and wherein the list of genes for each genome are arranged as per an order in terms of genomic locations starting from origin of replication, wherein information for each genome pertaining to its translated protein sequences for each gene and its location on genomes is obtained from a National Centre of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) repository, wherein the bacterial genome database is a database of a bacteria for which the genomes are used in analysis, wherein the genomes are functionally annotated to identify the protein domains within each gene on the genome using a plurality of methods including a gene homology Hidden Markov Model based identification, Position Specific Scoring matrices (PSSM), wherein a protein domain family database comprising HMMs corresponding to all protein domains is obtained by using the Hidden Markov Model based identification;

creating a metabolite pathway-domain map (MPDM) for each of the plurality of skin metabolites using the matrix metabolite map (Mmap), wherein the metabolite pathway-domain map (MPDM) comprises each of the plurality of metabolic pathways associated with the plurality of skin metabolites and a corresponding protein domain;

identifying one or more protein domain out of the protein domains present in the metabolite pathway-domain map (MPDM), that are present as gene clusters on each genome listed in the bacterial genome map (BGM), wherein each metabolic pathway is considered as a key found in the MPDM and a value corresponding to the key is a list of corresponding protein domains in the metabolic pathway, wherein a distance defined as a number of genes based on their genomic locations in terms of a window size within which the protein domains lie in order to indicate a gene cluster and indicate presence of the metabolic pathway, wherein each protein domain corresponding to values in the MPDM for each metabolic pathway used as the key is searched in the BGM to find if the protein domains comprising the metabolite pathway are present as the gene clusters on each genome listed in the BGM;

creating a genome-metabolite-pathway map (GMP) using the metabolic pathway and corresponding genomes, wherein the GMP is a multi-dimensional matrix created with genome names as rows and pathway information for each metabolite as columns after identification of a list of degradation pathway for a list of genomes from the BGM based on a first pre-defined threshold criterion, wherein the GMP map have a value of either 0 or 1 for each metabolite and the metabolic pathway based on the first pre-defined threshold criterion which is for each pathway in a bacterial genome, wherein when a number of pathway protein domains corresponding to the metabolic pathway in the MPDM either do not occur on the genome or the number found within the window size does not cross a threshold value, then a value of 0 is assigned corresponding to that genome and the metabolic pathway in the GMP, wherein when the number of pathway protein domains found on the genome are above the threshold value and are present within the window size on a microbial genome, then a value of 1 is assigned for the corresponding genome and the metabolic pathway in the GMP;

creating a genus-pathway binary matrix (FGmap) based on the genome-metabolite-pathway map (GMP) with genera and metabolic pathways, wherein the FGmap is a matrix indicating a presence or absence of the metabolic pathways in bacterial genera, and the presence of a metabolic pathway in a genus is defined based on a predefined occurrence threshold across sequenced strains of the genus, wherein the predefined occurrence threshold is 70%, wherein the metabolic pathway is considered to be present in the genus if a ratio of a number of strains of the genus possessing the metabolic pathway out of a total sequenced strains belonging to the genus in the bacterial genome database is higher than the pre-defined occurrence threshold; and

forming the microbe-malodorant microbial knowledge base by combining the FGmap and the genome-metabolite-pathway map (GMP);

genetically engineering one or more skin-colonizing microbes with the identified subset of pathways, to obtain at least one genetically engineered microbes;

creating a personalized composition for counteracting skin malodor of the subject from at least one of (i) the at least one identified microbe, (ii) the at least one genetically engineered microbe, and (iii) the at least one identified microbe and the at least one genetically engineered microbe, along with at least one of (i) one or more cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and (ii) one or more cosmetically or pharmaceutically acceptable excipients; and

topically administering the created personalized composition on the skin of the subject for counteracting skin malodor.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the created personalized composition for counteracting skin malodor of a subject, is in the form of a lotion, cream, ointment, aerosol spray, mist, oil, or gel.