Systems, methods, and converters for distributing power
A system for distributing power between an external power supply, a battery, and a host device, the system comprising: an input terminal for coupling to the external power supply; a battery terminal for coupling to the battery; a first converter selectively coupled between the input terminal, the battery terminal, and a supply rail of the host device; and a second converter selectively coupled between the input terminal, the battery terminal, and the supply rail, the second converter being bidirectional; and control circuitry for controlling power distribution between the external power supply, the battery, and the supply rail via the first and second converters.
1 . A system for distributing power between an external power supply, a battery, and a host device, the system comprising:
an input terminal for coupling to the external power supply;
a battery terminal for coupling to the battery;
a first converter selectively coupled between the input terminal, the battery terminal, and a supply rail of the host device; and
a second converter selectively coupled between the input terminal, the battery terminal, and the supply rail, the second converter being bidirectional; and
control circuitry for controlling power distribution between the external power supply, the battery, and the supply rail via the first and second converters;
wherein the control circuitry is configured to control the first and second converters in a first mode when the external power supply is coupled to the input terminal in which:
the first converter is configured to convert an external supply voltage at the input terminal to a system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device; and
the second converter is configured to convert the external supply voltage at the input terminal to a battery voltage at the battery terminal to supply power to the battery.
2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the first converter comprises an inductive buck-boost converter.
3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the second converter comprises a switched capacitor voltage regulator.
4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the second converter comprises one or more inductors.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to control the first and second converters in a second mode when the external power supply is coupled to the input terminal in which:
the first converter is configured to convert the external supply voltage at the input terminal to the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device; and
the second converter is configured to convert the system voltage to the battery voltage on the battery terminal to charge the battery.
6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the external supply voltage is a constant voltage.
7 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the presence of the external power supply and a type of the external power supply, and switch to the second mode based on the type of external power supply.
8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the presence of the external power supply and a type of the external power supply, and switch to the first mode based on the type of external power supply.
9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the external supply voltage is variable, wherein the control circuitry is configured to control the external supply voltage via the input terminal.
10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein, when the external power supply is disconnected from the input terminal and when a state of charge of the battery exceeds a charge threshold, the control circuitry is configured to control the first and second converters in a third mode in which:
the first converter is idle; and
the second converter is configured to convert the battery voltage at the battery terminal to the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device.
11 . The system of claim 10 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the absence of the external power supply and the state of charge of the battery exceeding the charge threshold and, in response, switch to the third mode based on the type of external power supply.
12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein, when the external power supply is disconnected from the input terminal and a state of charge of the battery is below a charge threshold, the control circuitry is configured to control the first and second converters in a fourth mode in which:
the first converter is configured to convert the battery voltage at the battery terminal to the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device; and
the second converter is idle.
13 . The system of claim 12 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the absence of the external power supply and the state of charge of the battery is below the charge threshold and, in response, switch to the fourth mode based on the type of external power supply.
14 . The system of claim 8 , wherein a charge threshold is 30%.
15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein, when the external power supply is coupled to the input terminal and an input power provided to the input terminal is below a power threshold, the control circuitry is configured to control the first and second converters in a battery assist mode in which:
the first converter is configured to convert the external supply voltage at the input terminal to the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device; and
the second converter is configured to convert the battery voltage at the battery terminal to supplement the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device from the battery.
16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein when state of charge of the battery falls below a charge threshold, the control circuitry is configured to switch the first and second converters from the battery assist mode to a battery mode in which:
the first converter is configured to convert the battery voltage at the battery terminal to the system voltage on the supply rail to supply power to the host device from the battery; and
the second converter is idle.
17 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the input terminal comprises a USB-C connector.
18 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising:
a third converter coupled to the supply rail and configured to convert the system voltage on the supply rail to a secondary supply voltage at a secondary supply rail of the host device, wherein the third converter comprises a switched capacitor voltage regulator.
19 . A system for distributing power between an external power supply, a battery, and a host device, the system comprising:
an input terminal for coupling to a power supply;
an inductive power converter;
a switch capacitor power converter;
a battery terminal for coupling to a battery;
a controller configured to detect a characteristics of the power supply and couple the input terminal to an input of the inductive power converter or an input of the switched capacitor power converter based on the detected characteristic, wherein the controller is configured to control the inductive power converter and the switch capacitor power converter when the power supply is coupled to the input terminal such that:
the inductive power converter is configured to convert an external supply voltage at the input terminal to a system voltage on a supply rail to supply power to the host device; and
the switch capacitor power converter is configured to convert the external supply voltage at the input terminal to a charging voltage at the battery terminal to supply power to the battery.
20 . The system of claim 19 , wherein on determining that the power supply is a fixed voltage power supply, the controller is configured to couple the input terminal to the input of the inductive power converter and an output of the inductive power converter to an input of the switched capacitor power converter, the inductive power converter configured to output an intermediate voltage at its output, the switched capacitor power converter configured convert the intermediate voltage to the charging voltage at the battery terminal.
21 . The system of claim 19 , wherein on determining that the power supply is a fixed voltage power supply, the controller is configured to couple the input terminal to the input of the inductive power converter and an output of the inductive power converter to an input of the switched capacitor power converter, the inductive power converter configured to output an intermediate voltage at its output, the switched capacitor power converter configured convert the intermediate voltage to the charging voltage at the battery terminal.
22 . An electronic device comprising system of claim 1 .
23 . The electronic device of claim 22 , wherein the device comprises one of a mobile computing device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a games console, a remote control device, a home automation controller or a domestic appliance, a toy, a robot, an audio player, a video player, or a mobile telephone, and a smartphone.