Crystal oscillators including a two stage amplifier
A crystal oscillator includes a two stage amplifier and a crystal. The two stage amplifier includes a transconductance amplifier stage electrically connected to a class AB output amplifier stage with open loop drive level control. The two stage amplifier provides a negative resistance. The crystal is electrically connected between an input of the two stage amplifier and an output of the two stage amplifier.
1 . A crystal oscillator comprising:
a two stage amplifier comprising a transconductance amplifier stage electrically connected to a class AB output amplifier stage with open loop drive level control, the two stage amplifier to provide a negative resistance; and
a crystal electrically connected between an input of the two stage amplifier and an output of the two stage amplifier.
2 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a phase corrector comprising an input electrically connected to the input of the two stage amplifier; and
a comparator comprising a first input electrically connected to the output of the two stage amplifier, a second input electrically connected to an output of the phase corrector, and an output to provide a clock signal based on the first input and the second input.
3 . The crystal oscillator of claim 2 , wherein the phase corrector comprises a resistor-capacitor (RC) circuit.
4 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , further comprising:
a resistor electrically connected between the output of the two stage amplifier and the input of the two stage amplifier.
5 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a source-follower amplifier stage.
6 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a voltage gain of 1.
7 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a push-pull class AB output amplifier stage.
8 . The crystal oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the open loop drive level control comprises current limiting at the class AB output amplifier stage via current clamps.
9 . A device comprising:
a crystal oscillator to generate a clock signal, the crystal oscillator comprising:
a two stage amplifier comprising a transconductance amplifier stage electrically connected to a class AB output amplifier stage with open loop drive level control, the two stage amplifier to provide a negative resistance; and
a crystal electrically connected between an input of the two stage amplifier and an output of the two stage amplifier; and
a circuit electrically connected to the crystal oscillator and configured to operate based on the clock signal.
10 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the crystal oscillator further comprises:
a phase corrector comprising an input electrically connected to the input of the two stage amplifier; and
a comparator comprising a first input electrically connected to the output of the two stage amplifier, a second input electrically connected to an output of the phase corrector, and an output to provide the clock signal based on the first input and the second input.
11 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a push-pull class AB output amplifier stage.
12 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a voltage gain less than or equal to 1.
13 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the class AB output amplifier stage comprises a source-follower amplifier stage.
14 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the open loop drive level control comprises current limiting at the class AB output amplifier stage.
15 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the circuit comprises a microcontroller.
16 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the device comprises a wireless device.
17 . The device of claim 9 , wherein the device comprises a comprises a watch.
18 . A method for generating a clock signal, the method comprising:
amplifying an input signal on a first terminal of a crystal via a two stage amplifier to provide an output signal on a second terminal of the crystal, the two stage amplifier comprising a transconductance amplifier stage and a class AB output amplifier stage with open loop drive level control, the two stage amplifier to provide a negative resistance; and
generating a clock signal based on the output signal.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein generating the clock signal based on the output signal comprises:
phase shifting the input signal to generate a phase shifted input signal; and
comparing the output signal to the phase shifted input signal to generate the clock signal.
20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein phase shifting the input signal comprises filtering the input signal to generate the phase shifted input signal.