Selection of adaptive beam weights for hybrid beamforming at millimeter wave and beyond frequencies

1 . An apparatus configured for wireless communications, the apparatus comprising:

memory comprising computer-executable instructions; and

one or more processor coupled with the memory and configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

determine a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the apparatus;

select, based on the classification, between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements;

signal, to a base station, an indication that the apparatus will use the selected phase-only beam weight control scheme or the selected phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme; and

communicate with the base station using the selected phase-only beam weight control scheme or the selected phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

2 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

measure one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within a range of the apparatus; and

determine the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements based on a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses to a plurality of classifications.

3 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of materials.

4 . The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of the plurality of materials and use cases of the apparatus.

5 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

communicate the one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine-learning model; and

obtain one of the plurality of classifications from the predictive machine-learning model as an output.

6 . The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

identify a range, of the plurality of ranges, associated with the one or more spectral responses in a look-up table (LUT); and

identify a classification, of the plurality of classifications in the LUT, associated with the range.

7 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:

the phase-only beam weight control scheme comprises:

adaptive selection of a phase for each of the one or more antenna elements at a radio frequency (RF) carrier or an intermediate frequency (IF) carrier; and

use of a same amplitude level for each of one or more power amplifiers controlling the one or more antenna elements; and

the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme comprises:

adaptive selection of a phase for each of the one or more antenna elements at the RF carrier or the IF carrier; and

adaptive selection of an amplitude level for each of the one or more power amplifiers controlling the one or more antenna elements.

8 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

determine a difference in signal quality gains between the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme and the phase-only beam weight control scheme based on the classification;

select the phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gains exceeds a threshold; and

select the phase-only beam weight control scheme when the difference in signal quality gains is equal to or less than the threshold.

9 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

communicate the classification to a predictive machine-learning model; and

obtain the difference in signal quality gains from the predictive machine-learning model as an output.

10 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

identify the classification, of a plurality of classifications, in a look-up table (LUT); and

identify the difference in signal quality gains in the LUT associated with the classification.

11 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the threshold is configured at the apparatus.

12 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

receive signaling from a network entity configuring the threshold.

13 . The apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

determine the threshold based on one or more of: a mobility of the apparatus, one or more capabilities of the apparatus, an application, a use-case, a type of a communication for which the apparatus performs the hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

14 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

transmit one or more sensing signals;

measure one or more reflection responses of the one or more sensing signals; and

determine the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements based on the one or more reflection responses.

15 . An apparatus configured for wireless communications, the apparatus comprising:

memory comprising computer-executable instructions; and

one or more processors coupled with the memory and configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

communicate beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE);

obtain signaling from the UE indicating the UE will use a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE; and

communicate with the UE based on the indicated phase-only beam weight control scheme or the indicated phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

16 . The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises at least one of: a plurality of classifications, a plurality of signal quality gains associated with a plurality of classifications of electric field behavior, a beam correspondence indication, or a combination thereof.

17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of materials, applications, and use cases at the UE.

18 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses to the plurality of classifications.

19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the predefined association of the plurality of ranges of spectral responses to the plurality of classifications comprises a look-up table (LUT).

20 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a signal quality gains threshold.

21 . The apparatus of claim 20 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to, individually or collectively, execute the computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to:

determine the signal quality gains threshold based on one or more of: a mobility of the UE, one or more capabilities of the UE, an application, a use case, a type of a communication for which the UE performs hybrid beamforming, or a target data rate associated with the communication.

22 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the beam weight control scheme assistance information comprises a predefined association of the plurality of classifications to a plurality of signal quality gain values or difference in signal quality gain values.

23 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the predefined association of the plurality of classifications to the plurality of signal quality gain values or difference in signal quality gain values comprises a look-up table (LUT).

24 . A method for wireless communications by a wireless device, the method comprising:

determining a classification of electric field behavior of one or more antenna elements of the wireless device; selecting, based on the classification, between a phase-only beam weight control scheme and a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using the one or more antenna elements;

signal, to a base station, an indication that the wireless device will use the selected phase-only beam weight control scheme or the selected phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme; and

communicating with the base station using the selected phase-only beam weight control scheme or the selected phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.

25 . The method of claim 24 , wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements comprises:

measuring one or more spectral responses of one or more materials within a range of the wireless device; and

determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements based on a predefined association of a plurality of ranges of spectral responses to a plurality of classifications.

26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of materials.

27 . The method of claim 26 , wherein the plurality of classifications correspond to a plurality of combinations of the plurality of materials and use cases of the wireless device.

28 . The method of claim 25 , wherein determining the classification of the electric field behavior of the one or more antenna elements based on the predefined association of the plurality of ranges of spectral responses to the plurality of classifications comprises:

communicating the one or more spectral responses to a predictive machine learning model; and

obtaining one of the plurality of classifications from the predictive machine learning model as an output.

29 . A method for wireless communications by a wireless device, the method comprising:

communicating beam weight control scheme assistance information for a user equipment (UE);

obtaining signaling from the UE indicating the UE will use a phase-only beam weight control scheme or a phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme for hybrid beamforming using one or more antenna elements of the UE; and

communicating with the UE based on the indicated phase-only beam weight control scheme or the indicated phase and amplitude beam weight control scheme.