Fin field-effect transistor device and methods of forming
A method of forming a semiconductor device includes: forming a gate structure over a fin that protrudes above a substrate; forming a source/drain region over the fin adjacent to the gate structure; forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer over the source/drain region around the gate structure; forming an opening in the ILD layer to expose the source/drain region; forming a silicide region and a barrier layer successively in the openings over the source/drain region, where the barrier layer includes silicon nitride; reducing a concentration of silicon nitride in a surface portion of the barrier layer exposed to the opening; after the reducing, forming a seed layer on the barrier layer; and forming an electrically conductive material on the seed layer to fill the opening.
1 . A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a gate structure over a fin that protrudes above a substrate;
forming a source/drain region over the fin adjacent to the gate structure;
forming an interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer over the source/drain region around the gate structure;
forming an opening in the ILD layer to expose the source/drain region, wherein the opening is formed to have a protrusion portion disposed laterally between the source/drain region and the ILD layer;
forming a silicide region and a barrier layer successively in the opening over the source/drain region, wherein the barrier layer comprises silicon nitride;
reducing a concentration of silicon nitride in a surface portion of the barrier layer exposed to the opening;
after the reducing, forming a seed layer on the barrier layer; and
forming an electrically conductive material on the seed layer to fill the opening, wherein a lower portion of the electrically conductive material formed in the protrusion portion of the opening has a seam.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after forming the seed layer and before forming the electrically conductive material, removing the barrier layer and the seed layer from upper sidewalls of the opening while keeping lower sidewalls of the opening covered by the barrier layer and the seed layer.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an upper portion of the electrically conductive material extends further from the substrate than an upper surface of the seed layer distal from the substrate, wherein no seam is formed in the upper portion of the electrically conductive material.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein the upper portion of the electrically conductive material is formed to have a larger grain size than the lower portion of the electrically conductive material.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing the concentration of silicon nitride comprises treating the barrier layer with a plasma process.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein the plasma process breaks chemical bonds of the surface portion of the barrier layer.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein reducing the concentration of silicon nitride comprises performing a wet etch process to treat the barrier layer.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the wet etch process is an oxidization process, wherein the oxidization process breaks chemical bonds of the surface portion of the barrier layer.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicide region comprises titanium silicide, and the barrier layer comprises titanium silicon nitride and titanium nitride, wherein reducing the concentration of silicon nitride reduces the concentration of silicon nitride in the surface portion of the barrier layer below 16 molecular percentage.
10 . The method of claim 9 , wherein reducing the concentration of silicon nitride increases a concentration of titanium oxide in the surface portion of the barrier layer.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the seed layer comprises forming a conformal tungsten seed layer using a first thermal deposition process.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein forming the electrically conductive material comprises forming, using a second thermal deposition process, a tungsten layer over the seed layer to fill the opening, wherein the first thermal deposition process and the second thermal deposition process are performed using different gas sources.
13 . A method of forming a semiconductor device, the method comprising:
forming a gate structure over a fin that protrudes above a substrate;
forming a source/drain region over the fin adjacent to the gate structure;
forming a dielectric layer over the source/drain region around the gate structure;
forming an opening in the dielectric layer to expose the source/drain region;
forming a silicide region on the source/drain region;
lining sidewalls and a bottom of the opening by forming a barrier layer in the opening on the silicide region, wherein a molecular percentage (mol %) of silicon nitride in the barrier layer is less than about 16 mol %;
forming a seed layer on the barrier layer; and
filling the opening by forming an electrically conductive material on the seed layer.
14 . The method of claim 13 , further comprising, after forming the seed layer and before forming the electrically conductive material, recessing the barrier layer and the seed layer by removing the barrier layer and the seed layer from upper sidewalls of the opening.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein forming the seed layer comprises forming a conformal tungsten seed layer using a first deposition process, wherein forming the electrically conductive material comprises forming a tungsten layer over the seed layer using a second deposition process, wherein the first deposition process and the second deposition process are performed using different precursors.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein after the second deposition process, a seam is formed in a lower portion of the electrically conductive material, and no seam is formed in an upper portion of the electrically conductive material, wherein the lower portion of the electrically conductive material is disposed laterally between the source/drain region and the dielectric layer, and the upper portion of the electrically conductive material is disposed over the source/drain region and extends further from the substrate than an upper surface of the seed layer distal from the substrate.
17 . A semiconductor device comprising:
a fin protruding above a substrate;
a gate structure over the fin;
a source/drain region over the fin adjacent to the gate structure;
a silicide region on the source/drain region;
a dielectric layer over the source/drain region around the gate structure; and
a contact plug extending through the dielectric layer and electrically coupled to the silicide region, wherein an upper portion of the contact plug comprises an electrically conductive material, wherein a lower portion of the contact plug comprises:
a barrier layer extending along an upper surface of the silicide region and along sidewalls of the dielectric layer;
a seed layer over the barrier layer; and
the electrically conductive material over the seed layer and surrounded by the seed layer, wherein there is a seam in the electrically conductive material of the lower portion of the contact plug, wherein the electrically conductive material of the upper portion of the contact plug is free of seams.
18 . The semiconductor device of claim 17 , wherein sidewalls of the electrically conductive material of the upper portion of the contact plug are vertically aligned with respective sidewalls of the barrier layer contacting the dielectric layer.
19 . The semiconductor device of claim 17 , wherein the electrically conductive material of the upper portion of the contact plug has a larger grain size than the electrically conductive material of the lower portion of the contact plug.
20 . The semiconductor device of claim 17 , wherein the electrically conductive material of the upper portion of the contact plug contacts and extends along a sidewall of the dielectric layer facing the contact plug.