Health sensor using multiple light emitting diodes
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIS) is employed to non-invasively detect health-related conditions, such as blood glucose concentrations, and accounting for non-linear interference from human tissues, the differences among individuals, and multiple interfering compounds within blood. A multi-layered artificial neural network can be used to assess these relationships and accurately estimate blood glucose levels. Diffuse reflectance spectrum at six different wavelengths are analyzed with a neural network, resulting in a correlation coefficient as high as 0.9216 when compared to a standard electrochemical glucose analysis test.
1 . A continuous non-invasive sensor system having a multi-sensing detection device, the sensor system for employing characteristic spectral skin response data for determining a concentration of glucose being present in a tissue of a body of a wearer of the multi-sensing detection device, the system comprising:
a multi-sensing detection device being configured for being positioned proximate the skin of the wearer, the multi-sensing detection device having a glucose sensor unit for detecting glucose being present within the wearer's tissue, the multi-sensing detection device comprising:
a glucose sensor unit for detecting a characteristic spectral skin response of one or more tissues of the body due to a presence of glucose within the body tissue, the glucose sensor unit comprising:
a printed circuit board having a first and a second sensor assembly coupled therewith, each sensor assembly including a number of electromagnetic wave emitters and one or more electromagnetic wave receivers, each sensor assembly being arranged on the printed circuit board so as to be opposite the user's skin when the multi-sensing detection device is positioned on the user's body, each of the emitters being configured to dynamically emit, at a predetermined frequency, intensity, duration, and interval, the user's tissue with a determined range of electromagnetic waves, and each of the one more receivers configured to receive a return of the electromagnetic waves back from the user's tissue and to generate a return signal in response to collecting the returned electromagnetic waves,
the first sensor assembly being configured for emitting microwaves for performing microwave spectroscopy and comprising a first set of electromagnetic wave emitters positioned so as to be proximate at least a first electromagnetic wave receivers, wherein the first electromagnetic wave receiver is configured for detecting the electromagnetic waves of the first set of electromagnetic wave emitters returned back from the body's tissues, and
the second sensor assembly comprising a second set of electromagnetic wave emitters positioned linearly apart from one another on either side of at least a second electromagnetic wave receiver, wherein the second set of electromagnetic wave emitters are configured for emitting light waves and the second electromagnetic wave receiver is configured for detecting the electromagnetic waves emitted from the second set of electromagnetic wave emitters that is reflected back from the body's tissues, collectively the electromagnetic wave emitters of the first and second sensory assembly are configured for directing the emitted electromagnetic waves of their respective wavelengths into the tissue of the wearer, and the at least first and second electromagnetic wave receivers are configured for collecting the electromagnetic waves reflected back form the body tissue so as to generate the return signal,
the printed circuit board further comprising an analog to digital converter coupled to the at least first and second electromagnetic wave receivers, the analog to digital converter being configured for converting the return signal to digital signal data, and a communications module for transmitting the digital signal data,
a control unit coupled to the printed circuit board, the control unit configured to generate a pattern for dynamic emitter activation, whereby each emitter of the first and second sensor assemblies may be dynamically activated individually or collectively in one or more of a predetermined order, a predetermined time interval, a predetermined frequency, predetermined duration, and a predetermined intensity; and
a server system for receiving the digital signal data from the multi-sensing detection device, the server system comprising:
a first processing module having a first processor for analyzing the dynamically generated digital signal data so as to produce spectral skin response data, and
a second processor for analyzing the spectral skin response data so as to thereby determine the concentration of glucose being present in the tissue of the body of the wearer.
2 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the pattern of dynamic emitter activation results in generating a corresponding pattern of absorption.
3 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the pattern of absorption is based on a differential response of the skin to receipt of differential patterns of electromagnetic wave emittance.
4 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the determination of the glucose concentration is based on the pattern of absorption.
5 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 4 , wherein the activation pattern is determined based on one or more health metrics of the wearer, and the server system includes a third processor configured for determining the health metrics of the wearer and for making a prediction regarding one or more physical attributes of the wearer based on the determined health metric.
6 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 5 , wherein the third processor implements an artificial intelligence executes a machine learning protocol.
7 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 4 , wherein the first set of emitters of the first sensor assembly are configured for emitting microwaves for performing the microwave spectroscopy.
8 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the second set of emitters of the second sensor assembly comprises three photoemitters, further wherein the three photoemitters include a photoemitter formed of a light emitting diode configured for emitting green light, a photoemitter formed of a light emitting diode configured for emitting red light, and a photoemitter formed of a ninth light emitting diode configured for emitting near infrared light.
9 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 7 , wherein the second sensor assembly comprises a PPG sensor assembly for generating PPG results data.
10 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 9 , wherein the printed circuit board comprises an accelerometer for generating accelerometer results data.
11 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 10 , wherein the printed circuit board further comprises an SPO 2 assembly for generating SPO 2 results data.
12 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 11 , wherein the first processing module comprises an Artificial Intelligence module for implementing at least the first and second processors, and the determining of the concentration of glucose is further based on an analysis of the emitter data, PPG results data, accelerometer results data, and SPO 2 results data in addition to the analysis of the spectral data so as to thereby determine the concentration of glucose being present in the tissue of the body of the wearer.
13 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the Artificial Intelligence module comprises a Machine Learning module and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for performing the recited analyses and for generating analyses results data.
14 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the ANN maps the analyses results data to the concentration of glucose.
15 . A continuous non-invasive sensor system having a multi-sensing detection device, the sensor system for employing a dynamically generated spectral skin response analysis for determining a concentration of an analyte being present in a skin tissue of a body of a wearer of the multi-sensing detection device, the system comprising:
a multi-sensing detection device being configured for being positioned proximate the skin of the wearer, the multi-sensing detection device having an analyte sensor unit for detecting a specific analyte being present within the wearer's tissue, the multi-sensing detection device comprising:
an analyte sensor unit for detecting a characteristic spectral skin response of one or more tissues of the body due to a presence of the analyte within the body tissue, the analyte sensor unit comprising:
a printed circuit board having a first and a second sensor assembly coupled therewith, each sensor assembly including a number of emitters and one or more receivers, each sensor assembly being arranged on the printed circuit board so as to be proximate the user's skin when the multi-sensing detection device is positioned on the user's body, the one or more emitters configured to dynamically emit an electromagnetic wave, at a predetermined frequency, intensity, or interval of emission, into the user's tissue at a determined depth, and each of the one more receivers configured to receive a return of the emitted wave back from the user's tissue and to generate a return signal in response to collecting the returned electromagnetic wave,
the first sensor assembly comprising a first set of emitters that are configured for emitting microwaves for performing microwave spectroscopy, wherein the first receiver is configured for detecting the electromagnetic waves of the first set of emitters returned back from the body's tissues, and
the second sensor assembly comprising at least three or four photoemitters positioned so as to be proximate one or more photoreceivers, wherein the one or more photoreceivers is configured for detecting light of the three or four photoemitters of the second sensor assembly reflected back from the body's tissue, collectively the emitters of the first and second sensor assemblies being configured for directing the emitted electromagnetic waves into the skin of the wearer, and the at least first and second receivers are configured for collecting the electromagnetic waves returned back form the tissue so as to generate the return signal;
an analog to digital converter being positioned on the printed circuit board and being coupled to the at least first and second receivers, the analog to digital converter being configured for converting the return signal into a digital signal data;
a communications module coupled to the printed circuit board and being configured for accessing and transmitting the digital signal data; and
a control unit coupled to the printed circuit board, the control unit being configured to generate a pattern for dynamic emitter activation, whereby each emitter of the first and second sensor assemblies may be activated individually or collectively in one or more of a predetermined order, a predetermined time interval, and at a predetermined intensity.
16 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 15 , further comprising a server system for receiving the digital signal data from the communications module of the multi-sensing detection device, the server system comprising a processing module having a first processor for analyzing the digital signal data so as to produce spectral data, a second processor for analyzing the spectral data so as to thereby determine a response of the skin to receipt of the electromagnetic waves generated by the pattern of dynamic emitter activation, and a third processor for determining the concentration of the analyte being present in the tissue of the body of the wearer based on the skin response.
17 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 16 , wherein the server system comprises an Artificial Intelligence module, and the Artificial Intelligence module is configured for receiving and analyzing data pertaining to the skin response so as to determine the concentration of the analyte present in the tissue of the body.
18 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 17 , wherein the second sensor assembly comprises a PPG sensor assembly having a number of LEDs comprising a green LED, a red LED, and an infrared LED emitter all configured for directing emitted light into the tissue of the body, as well as a photodiode that is configured for receiving reflected green, red, and infrared light back from the tissue so as to generate PPG results data.
19 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 18 , wherein the printed circuit board further comprises an accelerometer, for generating accelerometer results data, and a SPO 2 assembly, for generating SPO 2 results data.
20 . The continuous non-invasive sensor system in accordance with claim 19 , wherein the determining of the concentration of the analyte by the Artificial Intelligence module is further based on an analysis by the Artificial Intelligence module of one or more of the PPG results data, accelerometer results data, and SPO 2 results data in addition to the analysis of the skin response data so as to thereby determine the concentration of the analyte being present in the tissue of the body of the wearer.