System and methods for calibration of X-ray images

1 . A system for calibrating an X-ray image, the system comprising:

at least one memory; and

at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory, the at least one processor configured to cause the system to:

receive an X-ray image of an anatomical part of a patient, wherein the X-ray image is obtained by an X-ray imaging device including an X-ray source;

receive a 3-D surface scan of a surface of a portion of the patient where the anatomical part is located, wherein the 3-D surface scan is obtained by a 3-D surface scanning device, wherein the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device are part of a scanning device and have a known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device in the scanning device;

derive a measurement correction comprising a scaling factor to apply to measurements of the X-ray image based on the 3-D surface scan and the known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device, the measurement correction accounting for at least one of: an orientation of the patient with respect to a detector plate used to capture the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured, a first distance between the patient and the detector plate, or a second distance between the patient and the X-ray source used to generate the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured; and

determine a corrected measurement of the anatomical part based on the measurement correction and a measurement taken from the X-ray image,

wherein to derive the measurement correction comprises to:

obtain a statistical shape model (SSM) comprising data representative of external patient anatomy and data representative of one or more of internal anatomy or one or more internal anatomical landmarks;

fit the data representative of external patient anatomy of the SSM to the 3-D surface scan to generate an SSM instance comprising modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks; and

derive the measurement correction based on the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein to derive the measurement correction comprises to:

derive at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan;

obtain a third distance between the X-ray source and the detector plate; and

calculate the scaling factor based on the at least one of the first distance or the second distance and the third distance.

3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein to derive the at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan comprises to:

locate a region in the 3-D surface scan; and

calculate the at least one of the first distance or the second distance as between the region and at least one of the X-ray source and the detector plate.

4 . The system of claim 3 , wherein the region comprises an anatomical landmark.

5 . The system of claim 2 , wherein to derive the at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan comprises to:

calculate the at least one of the first distance or the second distance as between a region of the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks and at least one of the X-ray source and the detector plate.

6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the region comprises an anatomical landmark.

7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein to derive the measurement correction comprises to:

determine the orientation based on the 3-D surface scan.

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein to derive the measurement correction comprises to:

determine the orientation based on the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks.

9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the system to:

generate a patient-specific surgical design based on the corrected measurement.

10 . The system of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the system to:

cause manufacture of the patient-specific surgical design using additive manufacturing.

11 . A method for calibrating an X-ray image, the method comprising:

receiving an X-ray image of an anatomical part of a patient, wherein the X-ray image is obtained by an X-ray imaging device including an X-ray source;

receiving a 3-D surface scan of a surface of a portion of the patient where the anatomical part is located, wherein the 3-D surface scan is obtained by a 3-D surface scanning device, wherein the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device are part of a scanning device and have a known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device in the scanning device;

deriving a measurement correction comprising a scaling factor to apply to measurements of the X-ray image based on the 3-D surface scan and the known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device, the measurement correction accounting for at least one of: an orientation of the patient with respect to a detector plate used to capture the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured, a first distance between the patient and the detector plate, or a second distance between the patient and the X-ray source used to generate the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured; and

determining a corrected measurement of the anatomical part based on the measurement correction and a measurement taken from the X-ray image,

wherein deriving the measurement correction comprises:

obtaining a statistical shape model (SSM) comprising data representative of external patient anatomy and data representative of one or more of internal anatomy or one or more internal anatomical landmarks;

fitting the data representative of external patient anatomy of the SSM to the 3-D surface scan to generate an SSM instance comprising modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks; and

deriving the measurement correction based on the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks.

12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein deriving the measurement correction comprises:

deriving at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan;

obtaining a third distance between the X-ray source and the detector plate; and

calculating the scaling factor based on the at least one of the first distance or the second distance and the third distance.

13 . The method of claim 12 , wherein deriving the at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan comprises:

locating a region in the 3-D surface scan; and

calculating the at least one of the first distance or the second distance as between the region and at least one of the X-ray source and the detector plate.

14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the region comprises an anatomical landmark.

15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein deriving the at least one of the first distance or the second distance based on the 3-D surface scan comprises:

calculating the at least one of the first distance or the second distance as between a region of the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks and at least one of the X-ray source and the detector plate.

16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the region comprises an anatomical landmark.

17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein deriving the measurement correction comprises:

determining the orientation based on the 3-D surface scan.

18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein deriving the measurement correction comprises:

determining the orientation based on the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks.

19 . The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

generating a patient-specific surgical design based on the corrected measurement.

20 . The method of claim 19 , further comprising:

causing manufacture of the patient-specific surgical design using additive manufacturing.

21 . A non-transitory computer readable medium storing instructions, that when executed by a system, cause the system to perform a method for calibrating an X-ray image, the method comprising:

receiving an X-ray image of an anatomical part of a patient, wherein the X-ray image is obtained by an X-ray imaging device including an X-ray source;

receiving a 3-D surface scan of a surface of a portion of the patient where the anatomical part is located, wherein the 3-D surface scan is obtained by a 3-D surface scanning device, wherein the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device are part of a scanning device and have a known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device in the scanning device;

deriving a measurement correction comprising a scaling factor to apply to measurements of the X-ray image based on the 3-D surface scan and the known spatial relationship between the X-ray imaging device and the 3-D surface scanning device, the measurement correction accounting for at least one of: an orientation of the patient with respect to a detector plate used to capture the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured, a first distance between the patient and the detector plate, or a second distance between the patient and the X-ray source used to generate the X-ray image when the X-ray image was captured; and

determining a corrected measurement of the anatomical part based on the measurement correction and a measurement taken from the X-ray image,

wherein deriving the measurement correction comprises:

obtaining a statistical shape model (SSM) comprising data representative of external patient anatomy and data representative of one or more of internal anatomy or one or more internal anatomical landmarks;

fitting the data representative of external patient anatomy of the SSM to the 3-D surface scan to generate an SSM instance comprising modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks; and

deriving the measurement correction based on the modified data representative of the one or more of the internal anatomy or the one or more internal anatomical landmarks.