Unfocused electrohydraulic lithotripter
Electrohydraulic lithotripters comprising a plurality of electrohydraulic probes are disclosed. Each probe of the plurality of probes comprise a first electrode and a second electrode positioned at a distal end of the probe such that when the probe is discharged, an electric arc between the first electrode and the second electrode produces a shockwave that radiates from the distal end of the probe. A first probe and a second probe of the plurality of probes may be configured to discharge simultaneously or sequentially.
1 . A method comprising:
threading an invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter probe through a human vein or artery of a patient to a position within an interior of the vein or artery adjacent to concretions within the interior human vein or artery, wherein the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter probe comprises:
an invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip comprising:
a first electrode and a second electrode positioned on the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip such that an electric arc between the first and second electrode produces a shockwave that radiates from the electrohydraulic lithotripter tip; and
a third electrode and a fourth electrode positioned on the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip such that an electric arc between the third and fourth electrode produces a shockwave that radiates from the electrohydraulic lithotripter tip;
generating an electric arc between the first and second electrodes to produce a shockwave;
generating an electric arc between the third and fourth electrodes to produce a shockwave;
wherein the shockwave generated by the first and second electrodes is produced at a different time than the shockwave generated by the third and fourth electrodes.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip further comprises a flexible encapsulating member surrounding at least the first, second, third, and fourth electrodes, and the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip comprises insulating material positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode; and
the method further comprises:
infusing a liquid into an interior of the flexible encapsulating member via a first channel of the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip that is in communication with the interior of the flexible encapsulating member.
3 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
removing at least a portion of the liquid from the interior of the flexible encapsulating member via a second channel of the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip that is in communication with the interior of the flexible encapsulating member.
4 . The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
degassing the liquid in the interior of the flexible encapsulating member via a second channel of the invasive electrohydraulic lithotripter tip that is in communication with the interior of the flexible encapsulating member.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is substantially cylindrical, and at least one of the third electrode or the fourth electrode is substantially cylindrical.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first electrode or the second electrode is curved, and at least one of the third electrode or the fourth electrode is curved.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an electric arc between the first and second electrodes produces a shockwave at a different power than a shockwave produced by an electric arc between the third and fourth electrodes.