Systems and methods for providing resuscitation guidance based on physical features of a patient measured during an acute care event

1 . A system for assisting a user in performing chest compressions for a patient during an acute care event, the system comprising:

at least one input device comprising at least one camera configured to obtain images of the patient, which are analyzed to provide measurements of a plurality of physical features of the patient prior to commencement of and during performance of the chest compressions, wherein the plurality of physical features comprises a sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance, and at least one additional physical feature selected from a lateral width of the thorax, thoracic circumference, thoracic volume, waist circumference, shoulder width, or thoracic shape;

at least one chest compression sensor configured to obtain signals indicative of the chest compressions performed for the patient during the acute care event;

a feedback device for providing chest compression feedback for the user comprising a visual display; and

at least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one input device for providing the measurements of the plurality of physical features and with the at least one chest compression sensor, the at least one processor comprising non-transitory computer readable memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

periodically obtain at least one first image with the at least one camera showing a view of the patient from a first direction,

periodically obtain at least one second image with the at least one camera showing a view of the patient from a second direction,

receive and analyze the periodically-obtained at least one first images to determine the measurements of the sternal AP distance of the patient and the periodically-obtained at least one second images to determine measurements for the at least one additional physical feature of the patient prior to commencement of and during performance of the chest compressions,

store in computer memory associated with the at least one processor, the measurements for the sternal AP distance and the measurements for the at least one additional physical feature of the patient;

determine a target chest compression depth range for chest compression feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tailored for the patient based on the measurements of the plurality of physical features for different times during the acute care event, wherein the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback is:

(i) calculated based on the sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the plurality of physical features selected from a lateral width of the thorax, thoracic circumference, thoracic volume, waist circumference, shoulder width, or thoracic shape; and/or

(ii) obtained from a lookup table using the sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the plurality of physical features as inputs for the lookup table,

receive and process the signals indicative of the chest compressions from the at least one chest compression sensor to calculate chest compression depth for the chest compressions performed for the patient,

determine whether the calculated depth of a particular chest compression is within or outside of the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback,

cause the feedback device to provide on the visual display a visual indication of the determined target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback tailored for the patient and a visual indication for the user of whether the calculated depth of the particular chest compression is within or outside of the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback, and

following completion of treatment of the patient during the acute care event, generate a summary report from data stored in the computer memory, the summary report comprising (i) a first visual indication showing changes in the measured sternal AP distance, (ii) a second visual indication showing changes in the measured at least one additional physical feature of the patient prior to commencement of and during performance of the chest compressions and (iii) one or more third visual indications showing changes in the determined target chest compression depth range for predetermined or selected time intervals.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one camera comprises at least one of a two-dimensional camera, a stereoscopic camera, a three-dimensional sensor, or a light-field camera.

3 . The system of claim 1 , comprising a three-dimensional imaging system comprising the at least one camera for obtaining images of the patient, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

generate a three-dimensional representation of at least a portion of the patient's body based on the images obtained from the at least one camera of the three-dimensional imaging system; and

analyze the three-dimensional representation to determine the measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one camera is configured to be mounted to at least one of the patient, the feedback device, or the user.

5 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a smart phone or computer tablet,

wherein the at least one camera comprises a camera of the smart phone or computer tablet, and the at least one processor comprises a processor of the smartphone or computer tablet.

6 . The system of claim 5 , wherein the feedback device comprises a visual display of the smart phone or computer tablet.

7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the measurements of the plurality of physical features are measured during inhalation or during exhalation.

8 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one chest compression sensor comprises at least one of a single axis accelerometer, a multi-axis accelerometer, and a gyroscope.

9 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedback device comprises at least one of a computer tablet, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a patient monitor device, a defibrillator, and a chest compression guidance device configured to be placed on the patient's chest.

10 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedback device is configured to provide visual feedback via the visual display and at least one of audio feedback or haptic feedback.

11 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback tailored for the patient comprises a minimum value of at least 0.2 inch and a maximum value of less than or equal to 3.5 inches.

12 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback comprises at least one of the following ranges: 0.2 inches to 0.75 inches for a patient having an AP distance less than 3 inches; 0.75 inches to 1.25 inches for a patient having an AP distance of 4.0 inches to 5.0 inches; 1.25 inches to 1.75 inches for a patient having an AP distance of 6.0 inches to 8.0 inches; 1.75 inches to 2.25 inches for a patient having an AP distance of 9.0 inches to 11.0 inches; 2.25 inches to 2.75 inches for a patient having an AP distance of 10 inches to 12 inches; or 2.75 inches to 3.5 inches for a patient having an AP distance of 13 inches or greater.

13 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the visual indication of whether the calculated depth of the particular chest compression is within or outside of the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback provided on the visual display comprises a visual instruction to increase chest compression depth, to decrease chest compression depth, or to maintain chest compression depth determined based on the determination of whether the calculated depth of the particular chest compression is within or outside of the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback.

14 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to calculate the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback by a linear regression formula using the sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the plurality of physical features as inputs.

15 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine a type of patient based on the plurality of physical features, and cause the visual display of the feedback device to provide a visual indication of the type of patient to the user.

16 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the type of patient comprises a pediatric patient or an adult patient.

17 . The system of claim 15 , wherein the type of patient comprises a neonate, an infant, a small child, a large child, a small adult, an average-sized adult, or a large adult.

18 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine a suggested chest compression technique for the patient based on the measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient and cause the feedback device to provide an indication for the user to perform the suggested chest compression technique.

19 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the suggested chest compression technique is based on a change in the measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient over a predetermined period of time.

20 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the suggested chest compression technique comprises at least one of two palm chest compressions, one palm chest compressions, encircled thumb chest compressions, and two finger chest compressions.

21 . The system of claim 18 , wherein the suggested chest compression technique comprises active chest decompressions.

22 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the determination of active chest decompressions as the suggested chest compression technique is based on a reduction in the sternal anterior-posterior distance.

23 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the indication to perform active chest decompressions comprises an indication to perform chest decompressions using at least one of a suction cup device, an adhesive device, a hook and loop fastener device, and/an instruction to perform compressions of the patient's sides or abdomen.

24 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine a percentage of time during a rescue effort in which the calculated chest compression depth is not within the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback, and to cause the feedback device to provide an indication to the user when the percentage of time exceeds a predetermined value.

25 . The system of claim 24 , wherein the indication to the user when the percentage of time exceeds the predetermined value comprises an instruction to begin performing a second chest compression technique different from an initial chest compression technique performed during the predetermined period of time.

26 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the initial chest compression technique comprises two palm chest compressions, and the second chest compression technique comprises performing chest compressions with active chest decompressions.

27 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the initial chest compression technique comprises one palm chest compressions and the second chest compression technique comprises two finger chest compressions.

28 . The system of claim 25 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to receive an acknowledgement from the user when the user commences the second chest compression technique.

29 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one ventilation sensor configured to measure at least one of tidal volume, minute volume, end-inspiratory pressure, maximum ventilation pressure, and ventilation rate during the acute care event.

30 . The system of claim 29 , wherein the ventilation sensor comprises an airflow sensor and/or a pressure sensor positioned in an airflow path of a ventilation unit configure to be in fluid communication with the patient's airway.

31 . The system of claim 29 , wherein the ventilation sensor comprises at least a first absolute pressure sensors and a second absolute pressure sensor separated by a flow restrictor, for measuring rate of airflow and pressure in the airflow path.

32 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback comprises an initial range for acceptable chest compressions, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

after a predetermined period of time, receive and process measurements of a second physical feature of the patient, different from a first physical feature of the plurality of physical features, and

determine an updated target chest compression depth range for chest compression feedback based on the first physical feature and the second physical feature.

33 . The system of claim 32 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

determine whether the calculated depth is within the updated target chest compression depth range, and

cause the feedback device to provide an indication for the user of whether the calculated chest compression depth is within the updated target chest compression depth range.

34 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one input device for providing the measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient further provides an age or gender of the patient, and wherein the target chest compression depth range for chest compression depth is determined based at least in part on the plurality of physical features and the age or gender of the patient.

35 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedback device comprises a defibrillator, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to, as a defibrillation shock is being provided to the patient by the defibrillator, receive and process updated measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient from the at least one input device to determine a modified target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback.

36 . The system of claim 35 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

cause the visual display of the feedback device to provide a visual instruction to the user to recommence chest compressions after the defibrillator shock is provided;

receive and process signals indicative of the recommenced chest compressions from the at least one chest compression sensor to calculate chest compression depth for the recommenced chest compressions;

determine whether the calculated chest compression depth for the recommenced chest compressions meets the modified target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback; and

cause the visual display of the feedback device to provide a visual indication for the user of whether the calculated depth for the recommenced chest compressions meets the modified target chest compression depth range for chest compression feedback.

37 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine an estimated weight of the patient based on the anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the plurality of physical features.

38 . The system of claim 37 , wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to determine a treatment parameter for the patient based, at least in part, on the estimated weight of the patient.

39 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to provide a notification on the feedback device instructing the user to begin performing chest compressions after the target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback tailored for the patient is determined.

40 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a wireless transceiver in electrical communication with the at least one processor, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the wireless transceiver to transmit the generated summary report to at least one of a portable electronic device, remote computer device, or remote computer server.

41 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to obtain the at least one first images and the at least one second images periodically at the predetermined or selected time intervals.

42 . The system of claim 41 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to store in the computer memory the determined target chest compression depth range for the patient during each predetermined or selected time interval, and wherein the generated summary report further comprises one or more visual indications showing changes in the determined target chest compression depth range for the predetermined or selected time intervals.

43 . The system of claim 41 , wherein the visual indications showing changes in the measured sternal AP distance and the measured at least one additional physical feature of the patient during the predetermined or selected intervals comprise one or more graphs showing changes in measurements of the patient during performance of the chest compressions.

44 . The system of claim 41 , wherein the predetermined or selected time intervals comprise at least one of an estimated amount of time required for chest remodeling to occur during chest compressions or a typical length of a chest compression cycle.

45 . The system of claim 41 , wherein the predetermined or selected time intervals comprise an amount of time selected based, at least in part, on one or more of the measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient.

46 . The system of claim 41 , wherein the predetermined or selected time intervals comprise an amount of time selected based, at least in part, on a type of chest compressions being performed for the patient.

47 . A system for assisting a user in performing chest compressions for a patient during an acute care event, the system comprising:

at least one input device comprising at least one camera configured to obtain images of the patient, which are analyzed to provide measurements of a plurality of physical features of the patient, wherein the plurality of physical features comprises a sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and at least one additional physical feature;

at least one chest compression sensor configured to obtain signals indicative of the chest compressions performed for the patient during the acute care event;

a feedback device for providing chest compression feedback for the user; and

at least one processor communicatively coupled with the at least one input device for providing the measurements of the plurality of physical features and with the at least one chest compression sensor, the at least one processor comprising non-transitory computer readable memory comprising instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to:

obtain at least one first image with the at least one camera showing a view of the patient from a first direction prior to commencement of the chest compressions,

obtain at least one second image with the at least one camera showing a view of the patient from a second direction prior to commencement of the chest compressions,

receive and analyze the at least one first image to determine initial measurements of the sternal AP distance of the patient and the at least one second image to determine the at least one additional physical feature of the patient,

store in computer memory associated with the at least one processor, the initial measurements of the sternal AP distance of the patient and the at least one additional physical feature of the patient;

determine an initial target chest compression depth range for chest compression feedback during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) tailored for the patient based on the sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance,

receive and process the signals indicative of the chest compressions from the at least one chest compression sensor to calculate depth of a particular chest compression,

determine whether the calculated chest compression depth is within or outside of the initial target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback,

cause the feedback device to provide an indication for the user of whether the calculated chest compression depth is within or outside of the initial target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback,

as the chest compressions are being performed, periodically obtain at least one updated first image with the at least one camera showing the view of the patient from the first direction and obtain at least one updated second image with the at least one camera showing the view of the patient from a second direction,

receive and analyze the periodically-obtained at least one updated first images and the periodically-obtained at least one updated one second images to determine updated measurements of the plurality of physical features of the patient, the updated measurements comprising updated measurements for the sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the patient during the during performance of the chest compressions,

store in the computer memory associated with the at least one processor, the updated measurements for the sternal AP distance and the at least one additional physical feature of the patient during performance of the chest compressions,

determine a modified target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback during CPR tailored for the patient based on the updated sternal anterior-posterior (AP) distance and the updated value for the at least one additional physical feature,

determine whether depth for another particular chest compression being performed for the patient is within or outside of the modified target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback,

cause the feedback device to provide an indication for the user of whether the depth for the another particular chest compression is within or outside of the modified target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback, and

following completion of treatment of the patient during the acute care event, generate a summary report from data stored in the computer memory, the summary report comprising (i) a first visual indication showing changes in the measurements for the sternal AP distance, (ii) a second visual indication showing changes in the at least one additional physical feature of the patient prior to commencement of the chest compressions and during performance of the chest compressions and (iii) one or more third visual indications showing changes in the determined target chest compression depth range for predetermined or selected time intervals.

48 . The system of claim 47 , wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to provide a notification on the feedback device instructing the user to begin performing chest compressions after the initial target chest compression depth range for the chest compression feedback tailored for the patient is determined.