Compositions and methods for modulating ACE2 receptor

1 . A method of treating coronavirus related adverse events comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor inhibitor,

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor modulator is hydroxyzine, cetirizine, azelastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine, bromopheniramine, olopatadine, ketotifen, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, clemastine, desloratadine, rupatadine, carbinoxamine, triprolidine, astemizole, levocabastine, bepotasine, ebastine, nizatidine, benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof;

wherein the coronavirus related adverse events are pulmonary, cardiac, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, endocrine, neurological, or a combination thereof; and

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor is administered by route comprising oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalational, topical, buccal, rectal, pleural, peritoneal, vaginal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, epidural, intratrachael, otic, intraocular, or intrathecal route.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor exhibits a higher affinity for the ACE2 receptor than the ACE1 receptor.

3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor exhibits affinity for the ACE2 receptor ranging from about 2 times to about 100 times greater than its affinity for the ACE1 receptor.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor is administered via oral inhalative administration or intranasal administration.

5 . A method of treating coronavirus related adverse events comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor inhibitor,

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor modulator is hydroxyzine, cetirizine, azelastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine, bromopheniramine, olopatadine, ketotifen, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, clemastine, desloratadine, rupatadine, carbinoxamine, triprolidine, astemizole, levocabastine, bepotasine, ebastine, nizatidine, benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof;

wherein the coronavirus related adverse events are pulmonary, cardiac, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, endocrine, neurological, or a combination thereof; and

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor is administered via a pulmonary route.

6 . A method of treating coronavirus related adverse events comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor inhibitor,

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor modulator is hydroxyzine, cetirizine, azelastine, fexofenadine, loratadine, diphenhydramine, chloropheniramine, bromopheniramine, olopatadine, ketotifen, famotidine, cimetidine, ranitidine, clemastine, desloratadine, rupatadine, carbinoxamine, triprolidine, astemizole, levocabastine, bepotasine, ebastine, nizatidine, benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or combinations thereof;

wherein the coronavirus related adverse events are pulmonary, cardiac, dermatologic, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, endocrine, neurological, or a combination thereof; and

wherein the ACE2 receptor inhibitor is administered by route comprising oral, intravenous, nasal, inhalational, topical, buccal, rectal, pleural, peritoneal, vaginal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transdermal, epidural, intratrachael, otic, intraocular, or intrathecal route;

provided that the ACE2 receptor inhibitor is permeable to the blood brain barrier.