Apparatus and method for generating a magnetic field
A magnetic field for application to body tissue is generated via a first inductor. Connecting circuitry, including at least first and second branches, is provided between an electric storage device and the first inductor. A switch forming part of the first branch electrically connects the storage device to the first inductor enabling electrical current to flow through the first branch and the first inductor, thereby causing the first inductor to generate the field. The current flowing through the first branch represents a first direction of flow between the storage device and the first inductor. An electric component conducts current primarily in a forward direction. That component forms part of the second branch, enabling current to flow between the storage device and the first inductor through the second branch. The flow in the forward direction represents a second direction opposite the first. The first or second branch includes a second inductor.
1 . An apparatus for generating a magnetic field for application to body tissue, the apparatus comprising:
an electric storage device configured to store electrical energy;
a first inductor configured to generate a magnetic field for application to body tissue;
connecting circuitry between the electric storage device and the first inductor, wherein the connecting circuitry comprises at least a first branch and a second branch;
a switch, wherein the switch forms part of the first branch, wherein the switch is configured to electrically connect the electric storage device to the first inductor in order to enable electrical current to flow through the first branch and through the first inductor, caused by the electrical energy stored via the electric storage device, thereby causing the first inductor to generate the magnetic field, wherein the electrical current flowing through the first branch represents a first current direction of current flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor;
an electric component or assembly of electric components, that conducts, or is arranged to conduct, electrical current in a forward direction, wherein said electric component or assembly of electric components forms part of the second branch so as to enable electrical current to flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor through the second branch, wherein the current flow in the forward direction represents a second current direction of current flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor, the second current direction being opposite the first current direction; and
a second inductor, wherein the second inductor forms part of either the first branch or the second branch.
2 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising circuitry configured to selectively bypass or short-circuit the second inductor in order to selectively vary an inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part.
3 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an inductance of the second inductor is one of:
discretely variable; and
substantially continuously variable.
4 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more further inductors forming part of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part.
5 . The apparatus according to claim 4 , further comprising circuitry configured to selectively bypass or short-circuit the second inductor and/or one or more of the one or more further inductors in order to selectively vary an inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part.
6 . The apparatus according to claim 5 , wherein an inductance of the second inductor and/or of at least one of the one or more further inductors is one of:
discretely variable; and
substantially continuously variable.
7 . The apparatus according to claim 6 , wherein the inductances of the second inductor and of the one or more further inductors are chosen such that the inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part is one of:
discretely variable; and
substantially continuously variable from a minimum value up to a maximum value,
wherein the minimum value corresponds to an inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part when the second and the further inductors are bypassed or short-circuited; and
wherein the maximum value corresponds to an inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part when the second and the further inductors are not bypassed and not short-circuited and the inductance of the second inductor and/or of at least one of the one or more further inductors is at a maximum.
8 . The apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein an inductance of the second inductor and/or of at least one of the one or more further inductors is one of:
discretely variable; and
substantially continuously variable.
9 . The apparatus according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first inductor comprises at least one set of turns,
wherein the first inductor is disposed within a casing connected to a conduit through which extends at least one cable configured to supply electrical power to the at least one set of turns, and
wherein the second inductor is not disposed within said casing.
10 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electric storage device comprises a pulse capacitor which can be charged by a charging circuit.
11 . The apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the electric storage device comprises a battery.
12 . A method of generating a magnetic field, the method comprising:
providing an apparatus according to claim 1 ;
storing electrical energy in the electric storage device;
switching the switch so as to electrically connect the electric storage device to the first inductor and thereby enable electrical current to flow through the first branch and through the first inductor, caused by the electrical energy stored via the electric storage device, thereby causing the first inductor to generate the magnetic field; and
enabling electrical current to flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor through the second branch via said electric component or assembly of electric components.
13 . The method according to claim 12 , wherein the apparatus is operated in a pulsed manner, wherein the electrical current flowing through the first branch represents a first half pulse and wherein the electrical current flowing through the second branch represents a second half pulse, wherein a duration of the second half pulse is different from a duration of the first half pulse.
14 . The method according to claim 13 , further comprising selectively bypassing or short-circuiting the second inductor or varying an inductance of the second inductor, thereby selectively varying an inductance of the branch of which the second inductor forms a part.
15 . The method according to claim 14 , wherein selectively bypassing or short-circuiting the second inductor or varying the inductance of the second inductor comprises selectively bypassing or short-circuiting the second inductor or varying the inductance of the second inductor at one of:
during the first half pulse,
during the second half pulse, and
between the first half pulse and the second half pulse.
16 . The method according to claim 12 , further comprising bringing the first inductor into proximity with body tissue, or bringing the body tissue into proximity with the first inductor, so that the magnetic field is present in said body tissue.
17 . The method according to claim 16 , further comprising varying the magnetic field in the body tissue so as to generate a voltage in the body tissue or to cause a movement of charges in the body tissue.
18 . The method according to claim 17 , wherein the voltage or the movement of charges is sufficient to cause a neural reaction or a cellular physiological reaction.
19 . An apparatus for use with a first inductor for generating a magnetic field for application to body tissue, the apparatus comprising:
an electric storage device configured to store electrical energy;
a terminal for connection to the first inductor for generating a magnetic field for application to body tissue;
connecting circuitry between the electric storage device and said terminal, wherein the connecting circuitry comprises at least a first branch and a second branch;
a switch, wherein the switch forms part of the first branch, wherein the switch is configured to electrically connect the electric storage device to said terminal so as to enable electrical current to flow through the first branch and through the first inductor via said terminal when the first inductor is connected to the apparatus via said terminal, caused by the electrical energy stored via the electric storage device, thereby causing the first inductor to generate the magnetic field, wherein the electrical current flowing through the first branch represents a first current direction of current flow between the electric storage device and said terminal;
an electric component or assembly of electric components, that conducts, or is arranged to conduct, electrical current in a forward direction, wherein said electric component or assembly of electric components forms part of the second branch so as to enable electrical current to flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor through the second branch via said terminal when the first inductor is connected to the apparatus via said terminal, wherein the current flow in the forward direction represents a second current direction of current flow between the electric storage device and the first inductor, the second current direction being opposite the first current direction; and
a second inductor, wherein the second inductor forms part of either the first branch or the second branch.