Power net apparatus of a fuel cell and control method thereof
A power net apparatus for a fuel cell includes a fuel cell configured to supply power to an inverter of a vehicle, a supercapacitor configured to assist the fuel cell, a bidirectional converter configured to charge and discharge the fuel cell and the supercapacitor, a switching device configured to distinguish driving modes for the vehicle, and a controller configured to drive the vehicle by controlling the supercapacitor to charge or discharge by controlling the switching device and the bidirectional converter according to the driving modes for the vehicle, and by assisting the fuel cell.
1 . A power net apparatus for a fuel cell, comprising:
a fuel cell configured to supply power to an inverter of a vehicle;
a supercapacitor configured to assist the fuel cell;
a bidirectional converter configured to charge and discharge the fuel cell and the supercapacitor;
a switching device configured to distinguish driving modes for the vehicle; and
a controller configured to drive the vehicle by controlling the supercapacitor to charge or discharge by controlling the switching device and the bidirectional converter according to driving modes for the vehicle, and by assisting the fuel cell;
wherein the driving modes for the vehicle include:
a first mode configured to perform a precharge operation to charge the supercapacitor through the fuel cell in response to starting the vehicle;
a second mode configured to transfer power to the inverter through an independent operation of the fuel cell in response to driving the vehicle; and
a third mode configured to transfer power to the inverter and charges the supercapacitor through the independent operation of the fuel cell in response to the vehicle.
2 . The power net apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to control the switching device and the bidirectional converter to supply power to the inverter through an independent operation of the supercapacitor in response to driving the vehicle.
3 . The power net apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to control the switching device and the bidirectional converter to charge the supercapacitor using power generated by regenerative braking in response to decelerating the vehicle.
4 . The power net apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the fuel cell and the supercapacitor are connected in series.
5 . The power net apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the switching device includes:
a first switch positioned between the fuel cell and the supercapacitor;
a second switch connected in series with the first switch; and
a third switch positioned between a first end of the fuel cell and the bidirectional converter.
6 . The power net apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the bidirectional converter includes:
a first turn-on device positioned between the supercapacitor and the third switch; and
a second turn-on device and a third turn-on device connected in series;
wherein the second turn-on device and the third turn-on device are configured to transfer a voltage applied from the first turn-on device to the inverter.
7 . The power net apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the bidirectional converter further includes:
a first inductor positioned between a common node of the second turn-on device and the third turn-on device, and a first end of the first turn-on device; and
a second inductor connected to a first end of the supercapacitor and a second end of the first turn-on device.
8 . The power net apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the bidirectional converter further includes a diode connected to a second end of the second inductor and a first end of the fuel cell.
9 . The power net apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the driving modes for the vehicle include:
a fourth mode configured to transfer power to the inverter through an independent operation of the supercapacitor in response to driving the vehicle;
a fifth mode configured to transfer power that is higher than a predetermined reference to the inverter through the fuel cell and the supercapacitor in a case where a high output mode is required in response to driving the vehicle; and
a sixth mode configured to charge the supercapacitor using power generated by regenerative braking in response to decelerating the vehicle.
10 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the first mode, to control the bidirectional converter to operate as a buck converter by connecting the first switch and the third switch, opening the second switch, and performing on/off control of the first turn-on device.
11 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the second mode, to control the bidirectional converter to operate as a boost converter by connecting the third switch, opening the first switch and the second switch, and performing on/off control of the second turn-on device and the third turn-on device.
12 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the third mode, to drive the vehicle through an operation of the fuel cell by connecting the first switch and the third switch, and also charge the supercapacitor through the operation of the fuel cell.
13 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the fourth mode, to control the bidirectional converter to operate as a boost converter by connecting the first switch, opening the second switch and the third switch, and performing on/off control of the first turn-on device, the second turn-on device, and the third turn-on device.
14 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the fifth mode, to control the bidirectional converter to operate as a boost converter by connecting the second switch, opening the first switch and the third switch, and performing on/off control of the first turn-on device, the second turn-on device, and the third turn-on device.
15 . The power net apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the controller is configured, in the sixth mode, to control the bidirectional converter to operate as a buck converter by connecting the first switch, opening the second switch and the third switch, and performing on/off control of the first turn-on device, the second turn-on device, and the third turn-on device.
16 . The power net apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to generate pulse signals for on/off control of the first turn-on device, the second turn-on device, and the third turn-on device by using a current flowing in the first inductor or the second inductor or a voltage at a side of the inverter.
17 . The power net apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the controller is configured to:
generate a first pulse signal for controlling the first turn-on device using a current flowing in the first inductor or the second inductor or a voltage at a side of the inverter; and
generate a second pulse signal complementary to the first pulse signal and to control the second turn-on device using the second pulse signal.
18 . A control method for a power net apparatus for a fuel cell, including a fuel cell configured to supply power to an inverter of a vehicle, a supercapacitor configured to assist the fuel cell, a bidirectional converter configured to charge and discharge the fuel cell and the supercapacitor, and a switching device for distinguishing driving modes for the vehicle, the method comprising:
driving, by a controller, the vehicle by controlling the supercapacitor to charge or discharge by controlling the switching device and the bidirectional converter according to driving modes for the vehicle, and by assisting the fuel cell;
wherein the driving modes for the vehicle include:
a first mode configured to perform a precharge operation to charge the supercapacitor through the fuel cell in response to starting the vehicle;
a second mode configured to transfer power to the inverter through an independent operation of the fuel cell in response to driving the vehicle; and
a third mode configured to transfer power to the inverter and charges the supercapacitor through the independent operation of the fuel cell in response to the vehicle.
19 . The control method of claim 18 , wherein driving, by a controller, the vehicle by controlling the supercapacitor to charge or discharge by controlling the switching device and the bidirectional converter according to the driving modes for the vehicle, and by assisting the fuel cell, further includes:
controlling the switching device and the bidirectional converter to supply power to the inverter through an independent operation of the supercapacitor in response to driving the vehicle.