Methods and systems for the conversion of crude oil to petrochemical products
Methods for processing a crude oil feedstock include introducing a crude oil stream to a reactive distillation unit to remove conradson carbon and metals from the crude oil stream and generate a distillate stream having a mean boiling point distribution less than the crude oil stream and passing the distillate stream in a gaseous form in a continuous manner and without further processing to a catalytic cracking reactor that cracks the distillate stream to form a petrochemical product stream including light olefins and BTX. The catalytic cracking reactor includes a cracking catalyst and a susceptor material dispersed throughout the catalytic cracking reactor. Further, the catalytic cracking reactor operates at a temperature of 300° C. to 800° C. with heating from magnetic induction of the susceptor material.
1 . A method for processing a crude oil feedstock, the method comprising:
introducing a crude oil stream to a reactive distillation unit combining cracking and distillation of the crude oil stream in a single apparatus to remove conradson carbon and metals from the crude oil stream and generate a distillate stream having a mean boiling point distribution less than the crude oil stream, a light gas stream consisting of C1-C4 hydrocarbons, a heavy liquid fraction comprising atmospheric residue formed from hydrocarbons having a boiling point of 400° C. or greater, and coke; and
passing the distillate stream in a gaseous form in a continuous manner and without further processing to a catalytic cracking reactor that cracks the distillate stream to form a petrochemical product stream comprising light olefins and BTX, a light gas effluent consisting of hydrogen and C1-C4 alkanes, and an unconverted distillate stream comprising the remainder of the distillate stream passed to the catalytic cracking reactor unit, wherein the catalytic cracking reactor includes a cracking catalyst and a susceptor material dispersed throughout the catalytic cracking reactor and the catalytic cracking reactor operates at a temperature of 300° C. to 800° C. with heating from magnetic induction of the susceptor material,
where the cracking catalyst and the susceptor material are incorporated as separate particles into a pellet and/or the cracking catalyst and the susceptor material are provided as a single core-shell particle with a core of the susceptor material and a shell of the cracking catalyst.
2 . The method of claim 1 , where the light gas stream is passed concurrently with the distillate stream to the catalytic cracking reactor.
3 . The method of claim 1 , where light olefins and BTX forming the petrochemical product stream comprise one or more of ethylene, propylene, butenes, benzene, toluene, and xylenes.
4 . The method of claim 1 , where the pellets are formed as a first pellet with the cracking catalyst and the susceptor material incorporated as separate particles into the first pellet and a second pellet with the cracking catalyst and the susceptor material incorporated as separate particles into the second pellet, the susceptor material and loading selected for each of the first pellet and the second pellet such that the first pellet generates more heat per volume than the second pellet.
5 . The method of claim 1 , where an interface layer is provided between the core of the susceptor material and the shell of the cracking catalyst.
6 . The method of claim 1 , where pellets are formed comprising a first core-shell particle with a core of the susceptor material and a shell of the cracking catalyst and a second core-shell particle with a core of the susceptor material and a shell of the cracking catalyst, the susceptor material and loading selected for each of the first core-shell particle and the second core-shell particle such that the first core-shell particle generates more heat per volume than the second core-shell particle.
7 . The method of claim 1 , where the susceptor material is iron, cobalt, or an alloy of iron and cobalt.
8 . The method of claim 1 , where the reactive distillation unit comprises solid particles disposed within the reactive distillation unit.
9 . The method of claim 8 , where the solid particles comprise a second susceptor material such that the reactive distillation unit is heated with magnetic induction, the second susceptor material being the same or different than the susceptor material.
10 . The method of claim 8 , where the solid particles comprise one or more of kaolin, silica, alumina, silica alumina, silica-alumina doped with phosphorus, magnesium oxide, titania, zirconia, alumina-magnesia spinel, hydrotalcite, and molecular sieves.
11 . The method of claim 8 , where the solid particles are removed continuously or periodically from the reactive distillation unit with the heavy liquid fraction.
12 . The method of claim 1 , where the reactive distillation unit is operated at a temperature in the range of 300° C. to 500° C.
13 . The method of claim 1 , where the catalytic cracking reactor is a fixed bed reactor.
14 . The method claim 1 , where the cracking catalyst comprises a blend of large pore zeolite and medium pore zeolite.
15 . The method claim 1 , where the catalytic cracking reactor comprises one or more first catalyst beds comprising a large pore zeolite followed by one or more second catalyst beds comprising a medium pore zeolite.
16 . The method of claim 15 , where the first catalyst beds and the second catalyst beds are heated at different temperatures.
17 . The method of claim 16 , where the first catalyst beds are heated at a temperature in the range of 400° C. to 650° C. and the second catalyst beds are heated at a temperature in the range of 500° C. to 750° C.