Cementitious materials including a luminescent compound for printing 3-dimensional structures

1 . A method of printing a luminescent 3-dimensional object, the method comprising:

mixing a dry cementitious composition with water, the dry cementitious composition comprising a cementitious binder and calcium carbonate;

conveying the mixture to a print head;

applying the mixture and one or more luminescent compounds from the print head to form a luminescent 3-dimensional object;

controlling a ratio of a total amount of the one or more luminescent compounds to an amount of the calcium carbonate in the applied mixture to be in a range of 0.41 to 0.81; and

curing the luminescent 3-dimensional object,

wherein the one or more luminescent compounds includes a first luminescent compound having a first average particle diameter, and a second luminescent compound having a second average particle diameter smaller than the first average particle diameter,

wherein the first average particle diameter is greater than 1 mm, and the second average particle diameter is 1 mm or less, and

wherein a ratio of an amount of the first luminescent compound to an amount of the second luminescent compound in the dry cementitious composition is in a range of 1:3 to 3:1.

2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the dry cementitious composition comprises the one or more luminescent compounds.

3 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the print head includes an inlet and the one or more luminescent compounds are added to the mixture via the inlet of the print head.

4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the total amount of the one or more luminescent compounds to the amount of the calcium carbonate is controlled to be in a range of 0.41 to 0.74.

5 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the dry cementitious composition comprises, relative to a total dry weight of the composition, in a range of 20 to 75 wt % of the cementitious binder, and in a range of 4 to 12 wt % of the one or more luminescent compounds.

6 . The method according to claim 1 , further comprising controlling a total amount of the one or more luminescent compounds, relative to a total weight of the applied mixture, to be in a range of 4 to 12 wt % such that the cured 3-dimensional object has at least one of increased pumpability, printability, buildability, and rheology compared to a reference 3-dimensional object cured from an applied mixture having a total amount of one or more luminescent compounds outside a range of 4 to 12 wt % relative to a total weight of the applied mixture.

7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the cementitious binder comprises:

at least one cement, and

at least one of slag and calcined clay.

8 . The method according to claim 7 , wherein the at least one cement is at least one selected from the group consisting of Portland cement of the type CEM I, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, or CEM V according to standard EN 197-1, calcium aluminate cement according to standard EN 14647:2006-01, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, puzzolane, and latent hydraulic binder.

9 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more luminescent compounds further includes a third luminescent compound having a third average particle diameter smaller than the second average particle diameter.

10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein the first average particle diameter is greater than 1 mm, the second average particle diameter is in a range of 0.1 μm to 1 mm, and the third average particle diameter is less than 0.1 μm.

11 . A method according to claim 9 , wherein a ratio of an amount of the first luminescent compound to a total of an amount of the second luminescent compound and the third luminescent compound in the dry cementitious composition is in a range of 1:2 to 2:1.

12 . A method of printing a luminescent 3-dimensional object, the method comprising the steps of:

mixing a dry cementitious composition comprising, relative to a total dry weight of the composition:

15 to 40 wt % of cement;

3 to 7 wt % of at least one of calcium aluminate cement and calcium sulfoaluminate cement;

0 to 35 wt % of at least one of slag and calcined clay;

4 to 12 wt % of one or more luminescent compounds;

5 to 60 wt % of at least one of aggregates and fillers; and

1 to 2 wt % of further additives including calcium carbonate;

controlling a ratio of a total amount of the one or more luminescent compounds to an amount of the calcium carbonate in the mixture to be in a range of 0.41 to 0.81;

conveying the mixture to a print head;

applying the conveyed mixture from the print head to form a luminescent 3-dimensional object; and

curing the luminescent 3-dimensional object,

wherein the one or more luminescent compounds includes a first luminescent compound having a first average particle diameter, and a second luminescent compound having a second average particle diameter smaller than the first average particle diameter,

wherein the first average particle diameter is greater than 1 mm, and the second average particle diameter is 1 mm or less, and

wherein a ratio of an amount of the first luminescent compound to an amount of the second luminescent compound in the dry cementitious composition is in a range of 1:3 to 3:1.