Control system for a turbogenerator and method

1 . An open-loop control system for a turbogenerator, the open-loop control system comprising:

a closed-loop speed controller having:

an input;

a plurality of closed-loop controllers arranged in parallel, wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is set differently, and wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is configured to output a different open-loop control signal based on a speed signal applied to the input; and

an output,

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to select one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers depending on the speed signal and generate an output signal using the selected one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers, and

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to output the output signal at the output; and

a closed-loop thrust controller configured to receive the output signal of the closed-loop speed controller,

wherein the closed-loop thrust controller is configured to output an open-loop control signal based on the output signal to adjust a fuel valve to the turbogenerator.

2 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is assigned to a different speed range, and

wherein the one or more open-loop control signals are selected by the closed-loop controller based on the speed signal and the respective speed ranges of the plurality of closed-loop controllers.

3 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein at least one respective P component, I component, or D component of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is set differently.

4 . The open-loop control system of claim 3 , wherein the closed-loop speed controller further comprises one or more weighting blocks configured to weight each open-loop control signal of the plurality of closed-loop controllers differently based on the speed signal.

5 . The open-loop control system of claim 4 , wherein a closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers that is most strongly weighted at a speed between speeds of the respectively strongest weighting of two further closed-loop controllers of the plurality of closed-loop controllers has a greater P component than two closed-loop controllers adjacent to the closed-loop controller in terms of speed or a smaller P component than the two closed-loop controllers adjacent to the closed-loop controller in terms of speed.

6 . The open-loop control system of claim 4 , wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to add the weighted open-loop control signals in order to generate the output signal.

7 . The open-loop control system of claim 4 , wherein each weighting block of the one or more weighting blocks has a speed-dependent weighting function, and

wherein a sum across all of the weighting functions at each speed value results is 1 or has a maximum of 1.

8 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein the closed-loop speed controller further comprises one or more weighting blocks configured to weight each open-loop control signal of the plurality of closed-loop controllers differently based on the speed signal.

9 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to activate different closed-loop controllers of the plurality of closed-loop controllers at increasing speed and at decreasing speed.

10 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein the speed signal is indicative of a speed of the turbogenerator, and

wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers has a closed-loop controller input to which a difference between the speed signal and a setpoint speed signal is applied.

11 . The open-loop control system of claim 1 , wherein the open-loop control system is configured to limit a gradient of a power request.

12 . A turbogenerator for an aircraft, the turbogenerator comprising:

an open-loop control system having:

a closed-loop speed controller, wherein the closed-loop speed controller comprises:

an input;

a plurality of closed-loop controllers arranged in parallel, wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is set differently, and wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is configured to output a different open-loop control signal based on a speed signal applied to the input; and

an output,

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to select one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers depending on the speed signal and generate an output signal using the selected one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers, and

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to output the output signal at the output; and

a closed-loop thrust controller configured to receive the output signal of the closed-loop speed controller,

wherein the closed-loop thrust controller is configured to output an open-loop control signal based on the output signal to adjust a fuel valve to the turbogenerator.

13 . The turbogenerator of claim 12 , further comprising:

a gas turbine;

a generator configured to be driven by the gas turbine; and

a rectifier configured to be supplied with electric current by the generator.

14 . An aircraft comprising:

a fuel valve;

a turbogenerator; and

an electric motor configured to generate thrust and/or lift, wherein the electric motor is electrically coupled to the turbogenerator and supplied with electric current from the turbogenerator,

wherein the turbogenerator comprises:

an open-loop control system having:

a closed-loop speed controller comprising:

an input;

a plurality of closed-loop controllers arranged in parallel, wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is set differently, and wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is configured to output a different open-loop control signal based on a speed signal applied to the input; and

an output,

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to select one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers depending on the speed signal and generate an output signal using the selected one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers, and

wherein the closed-loop speed controller is configured to output the output signal at the output; and

a closed-loop thrust controller configured to receive the output signal of the closed-loop speed controller,

wherein the closed-loop thrust controller is configured to output an open-loop control signal based on the output signal to adjust the fuel valve to the turbogenerator.

15 . The aircraft of claim 14 , wherein the aircraft is configured to: detect whether the aircraft comprises a battery by which the electric motor is electrically coupled in order to be supplied with electric current thereby and/or to detect a property of the battery of the aircraft, and

subject the open-loop control system to open-loop control based on the battery and/or the property of the battery.

16 . The aircraft of claim 14 , further comprising:

a battery,

wherein the electric motor is electrically coupled to the battery in order to be supplied with electric current from the battery.

17 . A method for open-loop control of a turbogenerator, the method comprising:

applying a speed signal to an input of a closed-loop speed controller of an open-loop control system of the turbogenerator;

outputting, by each closed-loop controller of a plurality of closed-loop controllers of the closed-loop speed controller, a different open-loop control signal based on the speed signal applied to the input of the closed-loop speed controller, wherein each closed-loop controller of the plurality of closed-loop controllers is set differently, and wherein closed-loop controllers of the plurality of closed-loop controllers are arranged in parallel;

selecting, by the closed-loop speed controller, one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers depending on the speed signal;

generating, by the closed-loop speed controller, an output signal using the selected one or more open-loop control signals of the open-loop control signals of the plurality of closed-loop controllers;

outputting the output signal at an output of the closed-loop speed controller;

receiving, by a closed-loop thrust controller, the output signal from the closed-loop speed controller; and

outputting, by the closed-loop thrust controller, an open-loop control signal based on the output signal to adjust a fuel valve to the turbogenerator.