Siderophore-based biosensors for iron detection
This disclosure relates to methods of detecting iron in a water injection system, such as a water injection system used in the oil and gas industry, using an optical siderophore-based biosensor. This disclosure also relates to methods of detecting corrosion using an optical siderophore-based biosensor.
1 . A method for detecting a presence of iron in a water injection system, the method comprising:
contacting a biosensor with a sample of water from the water injection system, wherein the biosensor comprises:
an iron chelator produced by a bacteria, wherein the iron chelator transduces a detectable signal; and
a permeable matrix entrapping or encapsulating the iron chelator;
measuring a signal from the biosensor, wherein a signal transduced by the iron chelator when the iron chelator is bound to iron differs from a signal transduced by the iron chelator when the iron chelator is not bound to iron; and
comparing the signal to a control value, wherein a difference in signal indicates the presence of iron in the sample;
wherein the water injection system is part of an oil and gas pipeline, oil and gas storage tank, or oil and gas vessel.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter vinelandii, Acinetobacter baumannii , and Paracoccus denitrificans.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria is Azotobacter vinelandii.
5 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria is Paracoccus denitrificans.
6 . The method of claim 2 , wherein the bacteria is Acinetobacter baumannii.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron chelator is a fluorescent siderophore.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the fluorescent siderophore is selected from the group consisting of pyoverdin, azotobactin, parabactin, and acinetobactin.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the detectable signal is a fluorescent signal.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron chelator chelates ferric iron (Fe(III)).
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the permeable matrix is a sol-gel.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the sol-gel is a sol-gel glass.
13 . A method for detecting corrosion in a water injection system, the method comprising:
contacting a biosensor with a sample of water from the water injection system, wherein the biosensor comprises:
an iron chelator produced by a bacteria, wherein the iron chelator transduces a detectable signal; and
a permeable matrix entrapping or encapsulating the iron chelator;
measuring a signal from the biosensor, wherein a signal transduced by the iron chelator when the iron chelator is bound to iron differs from a signal transduced by the iron chelator when the iron chelator is not bound to iron; and
comparing the signal to a control value, wherein a difference in signal indicates the presence of iron in the sample;
wherein the water injection system is part of an oil and gas pipeline, oil and gas storage tank, or oil and gas vessel, and wherein the presence of iron in the sample indicates corrosion in the water injection system.
14 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter vinelandii, Acinetobacter baumannii , and Paracoccus denitrificans.
15 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the iron chelator is a fluorescent siderophore selected from the group consisting of pyoverdin, azotobactin, acinetobactin, and parabactin.
16 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the iron chelator chelates ferric iron (Fe(III)).
17 . The method of claim 13 , wherein the permeable matrix is a sol-gel.
18 . A method for detecting a presence of iron in a water injection system, the method comprising:
contacting a biosensor with a sample of water from the water injection system, wherein the biosensor comprises:
a fluorescent siderophore produced by a bacteria selected from the group consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Azotobacter vinelandii, Acinetobacter baumannii , and Paracoccus denitrificans , wherein the fluorescent siderophore is an iron chelator; and
a permeable matrix entrapping or encapsulating the fluorescent siderophore;
measuring a signal from the biosensor, wherein a signal transduced by the fluorescent siderophore when the fluorescent siderophore is bound to iron differs from a signal transduced by the fluorescent siderophore when the fluorescent siderophore is not bound to iron; and
comparing the signal to a control value, wherein a difference in signal indicates the presence of iron in the sample;
wherein the water injection system is part of an oil and gas pipeline, oil and gas storage tank, or oil and gas vessel.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the fluorescent siderophore is selected from the group consisting of pyoverdin, azotobactin, acinetobactin, and parabactin.
20 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the iron chelator chelates ferric iron (Fe(III)).
21 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the permeable matrix is a sol-gel.
22 . The method of claim 18 , wherein the presence of iron indicates corrosion in the water injection system.