Dynamic distortion correction for MRI
Described herein are various embodiments of techniques for controlling creation of a magnetic resonance (MR) image from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of a subject using an MRI scanner, through real-time, dynamic control of the MRI scanner during the MRI scan and/or of processing during the MRI scan of acquired MR signals as part of generating MR data for creation of the MR image. More particularly, some embodiments described herein relate to identifying changes that occur in a magnetic field within an MRI scanner during a course of an MRI scan. In response to changes in the magnetic field, an MRI scanner may be adjusted to change a way in which additional MR data is captured and/or a processing of captured MR signals (that are to be used in generating an MR image) may be adjusted.
1 . A method for controlling creation of a magnetic resonance (MR) image from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of a subject using an MRI scanner, the method comprising:
prior to completion of the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner,
evaluating MR signals captured during the MRI scan at a time to determine first information indicative of a state of a magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time;
comparing the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time to second information indicative of an expected state of the magnetic field for the time, wherein the second information indicative of the expected state of the magnetic field at the time was derived from previously-captured MR data for the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner; and
in response to detecting that a result of the comparing of the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field at the time to the second information on the expected state of the magnetic field for the time satisfies at least one criterion, adjusting the MRI scanner and/or a processing of MR signals during the MRI scan based at least in part on the result; and
capturing additional MR data of the MRI scan of the subject.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the MRI scanner in response to detecting that the result of the comparing satisfies the at least one criterion comprises modifying an MRI scanning sequence being executed by the MRI scanner for the MRI scan.
3 . The method of claim 2 , wherein modifying the MRI scanning sequence comprises performing shim updates to the MRI scanning sequence.
4 . The method of claim 2 , wherein modifying an MRI scanning sequence comprises modifying frequency and gradient offsets.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the MRI scanner in response to detecting that the result of the comparing satisfies at least one criterion comprises generating modified MR data by modifying MR data captured during the MR scan based at least in part on the result of the comparing of the first information and the second information.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein generating the modified MR data by modifying the MR data captured during the MR scan comprises, by the MRI scanner, modifying MR data for the time prior to output from the MRI scanner of the MR data for the time.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein:
evaluating the MR signals to determine the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field at the time comprises evaluating free-induction decay (FID) navigator signals captured during the MR scan at the time; and
comparing the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time to the second information indicative of the expected state of the magnetic field for the time comprises comparing values for the FID navigator signals at the time to expected values for FID navigator signals for the time.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein:
comparing values for the FID navigator signals at the time to expected values for FID navigator signals for the time comprises comparing, for a coil of the MRI scanner, a value for an FID navigator signal captured for the time by the coil to a computed value based on reference data for the coil and a set of parameters; and
adjusting the MRI scanner and/or a processing of MR signals during the MRI scan based at least in part on the result comprises adjusting one or more of the set of parameters in response to identifying a difference between the value for the FID navigator signal captured for the time by the coil and the computed value.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein adjusting the MRI scanner and/or a processing of MR signals during the MRI scan based at least in part on the result comprises adjusting a spatially-resolved map of field distortion based at least in part on the result.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the evaluating, the comparing, the adjusting and/or the processing, and the capturing prior to completion of the MRI scan of the subject comprises performing the evaluating, the comparing, the adjusting and/or the processing, and the capturing prior to collection of all MR data for the MRI scan.
11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein performing the evaluating, the comparing, the adjusting and/or the processing, and the capturing prior to completion of the MRI scan of the subject comprises performing the evaluating for the time, the comparing for the time, and the adjusting and/or the processing for the time prior to capturing MR signals for a second time of the MRI scan, the second time being later than the time.
12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the MRI scan is a functional MRI (fMRI) scan.
13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the evaluating, the comparing, the adjusting and/or the processing, and the capturing are performed by the MRI scanner.
14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the previously-captured MR data is obtained during a reference scan.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the previously-captured MR data is obtained during the MRI scan and prior to the time.
16 . A system configured to evaluate a magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan, comprising:
at least one processor; and
at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing processor executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform a method comprising:
prior to completion of the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner,
evaluating MR signals captured during the MRI scan at a time to determine first information indicative of a state of a magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time;
comparing the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time to second information indicative of an expected state of the magnetic field for the time, wherein the second information indicative of the expected state of the magnetic field at the time was derived from previously-captured MR data for the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner; and
in response to detecting that a result of the comparing of the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field at the time to the second information on the expected state of the magnetic field for the time satisfies at least one criterion, adjusting the MRI scanner and/or a processing of MR signals during the MRI scan based at least in part on the result; and
capturing additional MR data of the MRI scan of the subject.
17 . A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system configured to evaluate a magnetic resonance image (MRI) scan, comprising:
an MRI scanner;
at least one processor; and
at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one computer hardware processor to perform a method comprising:
prior to completion of the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner,
evaluating MR signals captured during the MRI scan at a time to determine first information indicative of a state of a magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time;
comparing the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field within the MRI scanner at the time to second information indicative of an expected state of the magnetic field for the time, wherein the second information indicative of the expected state of the magnetic field at the time was derived from previously-captured MR data for the MRI scan of the subject using the MRI scanner; and
in response to detecting that a result of the comparing of the first information indicative of the state of the magnetic field at the time to the second information on the expected state of the magnetic field for the time satisfies at least one criterion, adjusting the MRI scanner and/or a processing of MR signals during the MRI scan based at least in part on the result; and
capturing additional MR data of the MRI scan of the subject.