Beacon-based approach guidance system
A beacon-based approach guidance system is disclosed. A disclosed method includes digitizing at least one signal received at an antenna array of a receiver of a vehicle to digitized data streams of I and Q samples, the at least one signal received from a beacon, the at least one signal modulated with a pseudorandom code at the beacon, correlating the I and Q samples to a locally generated pseudorandom code of the receiver to recover carrier signals, and calculating, based on relative phase characteristics of the recovered carrier signals, a direction of arrival of the at least one signal from the beacon in a vehicle reference frame.
1 . A method comprising:
digitizing at least one signal received at an antenna array of a receiver of a vehicle to digitized data streams of I and Q samples, the at least one signal received from a beacon, the at least one signal modulated with a pseudorandom code at the beacon;
correlating the I and Q samples to a locally generated pseudorandom code of the receiver to recover carrier signals; and
calculating, based on relative phase characteristics of the recovered carrier signals, a direction of arrival of the at least one signal from the beacon in a vehicle reference frame.
2 . The method as defined in claim 1 , further including determining at least one signal error of the digitized data streams.
3 . The method as defined in claim 2 , further including driving a numerically controlled oscillator based on the at least one signal error for recovery of the carrier signals via at least one modulator of the receiver.
4 . The method as defined in claim 2 , further including determining the at least one signal error by averaging errors of the digitized data streams.
5 . The method as defined in claim 1 , further including:
utilizing a delay lock loop (DLL) to track a pseudorandom noise (PRN) sequence with a signal received at an antenna of the array, and
demodulating or despreading signals of other antennas of the array with the PRN sequence.
6 . The method as defined in claim 1 , further including synchronizing, with a delay lock loop, the digitized data streams with locally generated copies of the pseudorandom code.
7 . The method as defined in claim 1 , further including determining a position of the vehicle in a beacon reference frame by combining the direction of arrival based on the recovered carrier signals in the vehicle reference frame with measurements of pitch, roll, heading and height.
8 . An apparatus for guidance of a vehicle, the apparatus comprising:
interface circuitry communicatively coupled to an antenna array of the vehicle, the antenna array including respective antennas to receive a signal transmitted from a beacon, the transmitted signal modulated with a pseudorandom code at the beacon;
machine-readable instructions; and
at least one processor circuit to be programmed by the machine-readable instructions to:
down convert and digitize signals received at the antenna array to baseband I and Q samples;
correlate the I and Q samples to a locally generated pseudorandom code to align the received signals in time;
recover carrier signals by modulating the received signals with a synchronized pseudorandom noise (PRN) code to despread the received signals; and
calculate, based on relative phase characteristics of the recovered carrier signals, a heading and an elevation of a direction of arrival of the signal transmitted from the beacon in a vehicle reference frame.
9 . The apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to determine at least one signal error of the digitized signals.
10 . The apparatus as defined in claim 9 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to drive a numerically controlled oscillator based on the at least one signal error for recovery of the carrier signals via at least one modulator of the receiver.
11 . The apparatus as defined in claim 9 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to determine the at least one signal error by averaging errors of the digitized signals.
12 . The apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to synchronize the locally generated pseudorandom code with the pseudorandom code corresponding to the beacon.
13 . The apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to synchronize, with a delay lock loop, the digitized signals with locally generated copies of code.
14 . The apparatus as defined in claim 8 , wherein one or more of the at least one processor circuit is to determine a position of the vehicle in a beacon reference frame by combining the direction of arrival based on the recovered carrier signals in the vehicle reference frame with measurements of pitch, roll, heading and height.
15 . A receiver for guidance of a vehicle, the receiver comprising:
an array of antennas to receive a signal transmitted from a beacon, the transmitted signal modulated with a pseudorandom code at the beacon;
a digitizer to digitize signals received at the antennas into digitized signals with I and Q samples, the digitized signals modulated with a locally generated pseudorandom code; and
a software-defined radio to:
correlate the I and Q samples to a locally generated pseudorandom code for recovery of carrier signals from the digitized signals; and
calculate, based on relative phase characteristics of the recovered carrier signals, a direction of arrival of the signal from the beacon in a vehicle reference frame.
16 . The receiver as defined in claim 15 , wherein the software-defined radio is to determine at least one signal error of the digitized signals.
17 . The receiver as defined in claim 16 , wherein the software-defined radio is to drive a numerically controlled oscillator based on the at least one signal error for recovery of the carrier signals via at least one modulator of the receiver.
18 . The receiver as defined in claim 15 , wherein the software-defined radio is to:
utilize a delay lock to loop DLL to track a PRN sequence with a signal received at an antenna of the array, and
demodulate or despread signals of other antennas of the array with the PRN sequence.
19 . The receiver as defined in claim 15 , wherein the software-defined radio is to synchronize, with a delay lock loop, the digitized signals with locally generated copies of code.
20 . The receiver as defined in claim 15 , wherein the software-defined radio is to determine a position of the vehicle based on the recovered carrier signals.
21 . A non-transitory machine readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause at least one processor circuit to at least:
digitize signals received at an antenna array of a receiver of a vehicle to data streams of I and Q samples, the signals received corresponding to a transmitted signal from a beacon, the transmitted signal modulated with a pseudorandom code at the beacon;
correlate the I and Q samples to a locally generated pseudorandom code of the receiver to align the received signals in time;
recover carrier signals by modulating the signals with a synchronized pseudorandom noise (PRN) code to despread the received signals; and
calculate, based on relative phase characteristics of the recovered carrier signals, a heading and an elevation of a direction of arrival of the vehicle with respect to the beacon in a vehicle reference frame.
22 . The non-transitory machine readable storage medium as defined in claim 21 , wherein the instructions cause one or more of the at least one processor circuit to determine at least one signal error of the digitized signals.
23 . The non-transitory machine readable storage medium as defined in claim 22 , wherein the instructions cause one or more of the at least one processor circuit to drive a numerically controlled oscillator based on the at least one signal error for recovery of the carrier signals via at least one modulator of the receiver.
24 . The non-transitory machine readable storage medium as defined in claim 21 , wherein the instructions cause one or more of the at least one processor circuit to synchronize, with a delay lock loop, the digitized signals with locally generated copies of the pseudorandom code.
25 . The non-transitory machine readable storage medium as defined in claim 21 , wherein the instructions cause one or more of the at least one processor circuit to determine a position of the vehicle in a beacon reference frame by combining the direction of arrival based on the recovered carrier signals in the vehicle reference frame with measurements of pitch, roll, heading and height.