Toner for developing electrostatic latent image and production method thereof

1 . A method of producing a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image, the method comprising:

dissolving a compound that reacts with a binder resin precursor through an elongation reaction or a cross-linking reaction in an oil phase, where the oil phase is prepared by dissolving the binder resin precursor, a release agent, and a colorant in an organic solvent;

dispersing the oil phase in an aqueous medium in which resin particles are dispersed to form an emulsified dispersion liquid;

allowing the binder resin precursor to react through an elongation reaction or a cross-linking reaction in the emulsified dispersion liquid to yield a reaction product;

removing the organic solvent; and

adding particles of a fluorosurfactant to the reaction product to produce a toner,

wherein the toner includes:

toner particles, each toner particle including:

a binder resin derived from the binder resin precursor;

the release agent;

the colorant; and

the particles of the fluorosurfactant,

wherein the particles of the fluorosurfactant are metal particles, or halogen particles, or a combination of the metal particles and the halogen particles,

where a metal constituting the metal particles may have a monovalent or higher ionic valence,

wherein an abundance X of the particles of the fluorosurfactant is within a range represented by 3 μm 2 ≤X μm 2 ≤10 μm 2 , where X μm 2 is the abundance X that is an area of the particles of the fluorosurfactant present in a surface portion of each of the toner particles measured by a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDX) with setting a magnification to 40,000×, field of view to 100 μm 2 , and acceleration voltage to 1 kV, and

wherein a declining rate of the particles of the fluorosurfactant represented by Formula (1) is from 80% through 100%,

Declining rate of particles of the fluorosurfactant (%)=( X−Y )/ X× 100   Formula (1)

where Y μm 2 is an abundance Y of the particles of the fluorosurfactant that is an area of the particles of the fluorosurfactant present in a surface portion of each of the toner particles as measured by the SEM-EDX with setting a magnification to 40,000×, field of view to 100 μm 2 , and acceleration voltage to 3 kV; and

wherein the binder resin contains a crystalline polyester resin.

2 . The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the aqueous medium further includes a surfactant, and

wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant including a long-chain hydrocarbon group and a hydrophilic functional group.

3 . The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein the abundance X of the particles of the fluorosurfactant is within the range represented by 4 μm 2 ≤X μm 2 ≤7 μm 2 .

4 . The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein an intensity ratio (P 2850 /P 828 ) is 0.10 or greater and 0.19 or less, where the intensity ratio (P 2850 /P 828 ) is a ratio of an absorption spectrum peak at a wavelength of 2,850 cm −1 to an absorption spectrum peak at a wavelength of 828 cm −1 , the absorption spectrum peaks being determined by measuring the surface of each of the toner particles by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR).

5 . The method according to claim 1 ,

wherein each of the toner particles includes one or more anionic surfactants at a surface portion of each of the toner particles, where the one or more anionic surfactants each include a long-chain hydrocarbon group and a hydrophilic functional group, and

wherein an amount of an anionic surfactant including a long-chain hydrocarbon group and two or more hydrophilic functional groups is from 80% through 100% relative to a total amount of the one or more anionic surfactants included in the surface portion of each of the toner particles.

6 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein a number of hydrophilic functional groups is 3 or 4.

7 . The method according to claim 6 , wherein a number of long-chain hydrocarbon groups is 2 or 3.