Method for producing a granular carbon-carbon composite from a lignin-carbon composite

1 . A method for producing a thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material, said method comprising the steps of:

a) providing an agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material having a particle size distribution such that at least 80 wt % of agglomerates have a diameter within a range of from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm, and wherein said agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material comprises lignin and at least one carbon additive;

b) heating the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material to a temperature in a range of from 140 to 250° C. for a period of at least 30 minutes so as to obtain a thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material.

2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material used in step a) is produced by a method comprising the steps of:

i) providing lignin in a form of a powder, wherein a particle size distribution of the lignin in the form of the powder is such that at least 80 wt % of particles have a diameter less than 0.2 mm and a moisture content of less than 45 wt %;

ii) providing at least one carbon additive in a form of a powder; wherein a particle size distribution of the at least one carbon additive in the form of the powder is such that at least 80 wt % of particles have a diameter less than 0.1 mm;

iii) mixing the lignin, the at least one carbon additive, and optionally at least one additive so as to obtain a lignin-carbon mixture;

iv) compacting the lignin-carbon mixture obtained in step iii) so as to obtain a lignin-carbon composite material;

v) crushing the lignin-carbon composite material obtained in step iv) so as to obtain an agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material; and,

vi) optionally sieving the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material obtained in step v) so as to remove particles having a particle diameter below 100 μm, thereby obtaining the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material having a particle size distribution such that at least 80 wt % of the agglomerates have a diameter within the range of from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm.

3 . The method according to claim 2 , wherein the mixing in step iii) is performed by dry mixing.

4 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material provided in step a) has a bulk density in a range of from 0.5 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .

5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the at least one carbon additive in the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material is in a range of from 0.1 to 60 wt %, based on a dry weight of the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material.

6 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one carbon additive is selected from a group consisting of: graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, charcoal, biochar, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, carbon fibers, and electrically conductive carbon.

7 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein lignin of the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material is Kraft lignin.

8 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the heating of the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material in step b) is performed by first heating the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material to a temperature in a range of from 140 to 175° C. for a period of at least 15 minutes and subsequently heating the agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material to a temperature in a range of from 175 to 250° C. for at least 15 minutes.

9 . A method for producing a granular carbon-carbon composite material, said method comprising the steps of:

1) providing the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material produced by the method according to claim 1 ;

2) subjecting the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material to heat treatment at one or more temperatures in a range of from 300° C. to 1500° C., wherein the heat treatment is carried out for a total time in the range of from 30 minutes to 10 hours, so as to obtain a granular carbon-carbon composite material.

10 . The method according to claim 9 , wherein step 2) comprises a preliminary heating step, followed by a final heating step.

11 . The method according to claim 10 , wherein the preliminary heating step is carried out at a temperature of between 40° and 800° C. for at least 30 minutes, or wherein the preliminary heating step is carried out in inert atmosphere, or both.

12 . The method according to claim 10 , wherein the final heating step is carried out at a temperature between 800° C. and 1500° C. for at least 30 minutes, or wherein the final heating step is carried out in inert atmosphere, or both.

13 . The method according to claim 9 , further comprising:

pulverizing the granular carbon-carbon composite material so as to obtain a carbon-carbon composite material powder.

14 . A negative electrode for a non-aqueous secondary battery comprising:

the carbon-carbon composite material powder obtained by the method according to claim 13 as an active material.

15 . A granular carbon-carbon composite material obtained by the method according to claim 9 .

16 . A thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material with a particle size distribution such that at least 80 wt % of agglomerates have a diameter within a range of from 0.2 mm to 5.0 mm, and

wherein the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material comprises lignin and at least one carbon additive.

17 . The thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material according to claim 16 , wherein an amount of the at least one carbon additive in the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material is in a range of from 0.1 to 60 wt %, based on a dry weight of the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material.

18 . The thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material according to claim 16 , wherein the carbon additive is selected from a group consisting of: graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, charcoal, biochar, hard carbon, soft carbon, carbon black, carbon fibers and electrically conductive carbon.

19 . The thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material according to claim 16 , wherein lignin of the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material comprises Kraft lignin.

20 . The thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material according to claim 16 , wherein the thermally stabilized agglomerated lignin-carbon composite material has a bulk density in a range of from 0.5 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .