High energy solid-state batteries and methods of making the same
Solid-state batteries that include an electrolyte, having an electrolyte material, where at least a portion of the electrolyte material is solid, and the solid portion of the electrolyte material includes a first chlorine compound, and a cathode that is in contact with the electrolyte, the cathode including a cathode active material, and where the cathode active material includes a second chlorine compound. The batteries can be economically packed and can provide high energy density.
1 . A solid-state battery, comprising:
an electrolyte including an electrolyte material; wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte material is a solid, and the solid portion of the electrolyte material includes a first chlorine compound; and
a cathode that is in contact with the electrolyte; wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material that includes a second chlorine compound;
wherein the first chlorine compound and the second chlorine compound are identical.
2 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid portion of the electrolyte material includes sulfur.
3 . The solid-state battery of claim 2 , wherein the solid portion of the electrolyte material is made via inverse vulcanization of sulfur.
4 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the first chlorine compound has a melting point of less than 700° C.
5 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material includes one or more metals selected from lithium, sodium, potassium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, vanadium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, or aluminum.
6 . The solid-state battery of claim 5 , wherein the solid-state battery is configured so that charging the solid-state battery oxidizes a metal of the cathode active material to a metal ion, and the metal ion is then transported via the electrolyte.
7 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode active material includes an organic compound and/or an organic moiety.
8 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode further comprises an electrically-conductive material that is in contact with the cathode active material.
9 . The solid-state battery of claim 8 , wherein at least one of the electrically-conductive material or the cathode active material includes a protective coating layer.
10 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , further comprising an anode that includes an anode active material.
11 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , further comprising a reactive gas that is in contact with the electrolyte or is dissolved in the electrolyte.
12 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , further comprising a bipolar current collector, wherein the bipolar current collector includes an alloy of one or more of molybdenum, titanium, and zirconium.
13 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the solid electrolyte material has a mass percentage of chlorine that is greater than 3.
14 . The solid-state battery of claim 1 , wherein the second chlorine compound has a mass percentage of chlorine that is greater than 5.
15 . A solid-state battery, comprising:
an electrolyte including an electrolyte material; wherein at least a portion of the electrolyte material is solid, and the solid portion of the electrolyte material includes linear sulfur chains interspersed with organic linkers made via inverse vulcanization of sulfur; and
a cathode that is in contact with the electrolyte; wherein the cathode includes a cathode active material.